Biblical Reference:
The account of Joshua's filthy garments is found in the book of Zechariah, specifically in Zechariah 3:1-5. This passage is a vision given to the prophet Zechariah concerning Joshua the high priest.

Context and Background:
Joshua the high priest served during the time of the Jewish return from Babylonian exile, under the leadership of Zerubbabel. This period was marked by the rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem and the restoration of Jewish worship and community life. Joshua, as the high priest, played a crucial role in re-establishing the religious practices and spiritual leadership of the people.

The Vision:
In Zechariah 3:1-5, the prophet Zechariah is shown a vision where Joshua the high priest stands before the Angel of the LORD, and Satan stands at his right hand to accuse him. Joshua is described as wearing filthy garments, symbolizing sin and impurity. The presence of Satan as the accuser highlights the adversarial role he plays against God's people, seeking to condemn and discredit them.

Divine Intervention and Cleansing:
The Angel of the LORD, who is often understood as a pre-incarnate appearance of Christ, rebukes Satan, saying, "The LORD rebuke you, Satan! Indeed, the LORD, who has chosen Jerusalem, rebuke you! Is this not a brand plucked from the fire?" (Zechariah 3:2). This rebuke emphasizes God's sovereign choice and protection over His people, despite their shortcomings.

The filthy garments worn by Joshua are then removed, and he is clothed with "festal robes" (Zechariah 3:4). This act signifies the removal of iniquity and the imputation of righteousness. The change of garments represents God's grace and forgiveness, cleansing Joshua from sin and restoring him to a position of honor and service.

Symbolism and Theological Significance:
Joshua's filthy garments and subsequent cleansing serve as a powerful symbol of God's redemptive work. The vision illustrates the concept of justification, where God removes the guilt of sin and clothes the believer in righteousness. This imagery foreshadows the work of Christ, who, through His sacrificial death and resurrection, provides the means for believers to be cleansed from sin and stand justified before God.

The vision also underscores the role of the high priest as an intercessor and mediator for the people. Joshua's cleansing is not only personal but also representative of the purification and restoration of the entire nation. It highlights the importance of spiritual leadership and the need for purity and holiness in those who serve in God's presence.

Application for Believers:
For contemporary believers, the account of Joshua's filthy garments serves as a reminder of the ongoing spiritual battle against sin and the accusations of the enemy. It encourages believers to rely on God's grace and the righteousness of Christ, rather than their own efforts, for justification and sanctification. The vision assures believers of God's commitment to their spiritual renewal and His power to transform and equip them for service in His kingdom.