Introduction

Jonathan, the son of King Saul, is a prominent figure in the biblical narrative, particularly noted for his deep friendship with David, the future king of Israel. The testing of Jonathan's loyalty is a significant episode that highlights his unwavering commitment to righteousness, friendship, and God's anointed, despite the personal and familial challenges he faced.

Biblical Context

The account of Jonathan's loyalty being tested is primarily found in 1 Samuel 20. This chapter is set against the backdrop of King Saul's growing jealousy and hostility towards David, who had gained favor in the eyes of the people and the Lord. Saul's animosity towards David becomes a central conflict, as he perceives David as a threat to his throne.

Jonathan and David's Covenant

Jonathan and David's relationship is characterized by a covenant of friendship and mutual support. In 1 Samuel 18:3-4, it is recorded, "Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as himself. And Jonathan stripped off the robe he was wearing and gave it to David, along with his tunic, his sword, his bow, and his belt." This covenant signifies Jonathan's recognition of David's future role and his willingness to support him, even at the cost of his own succession to the throne.

The Test of Loyalty

The test of Jonathan's loyalty arises when David, aware of Saul's intentions to kill him, seeks Jonathan's help to discern his father's true intentions. In 1 Samuel 20:1-3, David expresses his fear to Jonathan, saying, "What have I done? What is my guilt? How have I wronged your father, that he wants to take my life?" Jonathan, initially incredulous, assures David of his support and promises to find out Saul's intentions.

The New Moon Feast

The test reaches its climax during the New Moon feast, a time when David's absence from the king's table would be conspicuous. Jonathan devises a plan to gauge Saul's reaction to David's absence. In 1 Samuel 20:5-7, David instructs Jonathan, "If your father misses me at all, tell him, 'David urgently requested my permission to hurry to Bethlehem, his hometown, because there is an annual sacrifice for his whole clan.' If he says, 'Good,' then your servant is safe. But if he is enraged, you will know he has evil intentions."

Jonathan's Courage and Integrity

As the feast unfolds, Saul notices David's absence and questions Jonathan. In 1 Samuel 20:28-29, Jonathan explains David's absence as prearranged. Saul's furious response confirms his intent to kill David, as he lashes out at Jonathan, accusing him of betrayal. Saul's anger culminates in an attempt to harm Jonathan, as recorded in 1 Samuel 20:33, "Then Saul hurled his spear at Jonathan to kill him. So Jonathan knew that his father was determined to kill David."

The Secret Signal

Jonathan's loyalty to David is further demonstrated through a prearranged signal involving arrows, which he uses to communicate Saul's intentions to David. In 1 Samuel 20:20-22, Jonathan instructs his servant to retrieve the arrows, signaling to David whether it is safe to return or flee. This covert communication underscores Jonathan's commitment to protect David at great personal risk.

The Emotional Farewell

The chapter concludes with an emotional farewell between Jonathan and David. In 1 Samuel 20:41-42, "David got up from the south side of the stone, fell facedown, and bowed three times. Then they kissed each other and wept together—though David wept more. And Jonathan said to David, 'Go in peace, for we have sworn friendship with each other in the name of the LORD, saying, "The LORD is a witness between you and me, and between your descendants and my descendants forever."'"

Significance

Jonathan's loyalty to David, despite the potential cost to his own future and his relationship with his father, is a profound testament to his character. His actions reflect a deep commitment to God's will, the sanctity of friendship, and the courage to stand for what is right, even in the face of personal loss. Jonathan's loyalty is a model of integrity and faithfulness, illustrating the biblical virtues of love, sacrifice, and devotion to God's chosen path.