In the New Testament, the apostle Paul provides specific instructions for masters, addressing the relationship between masters and their servants or slaves. These instructions are found primarily in the Pauline Epistles and reflect the early Christian understanding of authority, responsibility, and mutual respect within the household. The guidance offered to masters is rooted in the broader Christian principles of love, justice, and the recognition of the inherent dignity of every individual.

Ephesians 6:9
In his letter to the Ephesians, Paul instructs masters to treat their slaves with fairness and respect, reminding them of their own accountability to God. Ephesians 6:9 states: "And masters, do the same for them. Give up your use of threats, because you know that He who is both their Master and yours is in heaven, and there is no favoritism with Him." This verse emphasizes the equality of all people before God and calls masters to abandon harsh treatment, recognizing that they too have a Master in heaven who shows no partiality.

Colossians 4:1
Similarly, in Colossians, Paul reiterates the call for justice and fairness. Colossians 4:1 reads: "Masters, supply your slaves with what is right and fair, since you know that you also have a Master in heaven." Here, the focus is on providing what is just and equitable, underscoring the moral obligation of masters to act with integrity and righteousness, reflecting the character of Christ in their dealings.

Philemon
The letter to Philemon offers a personal and practical application of these principles. Paul writes to Philemon regarding his runaway slave, Onesimus, who has become a Christian. Paul appeals to Philemon to receive Onesimus not merely as a slave but as a beloved brother in Christ. This appeal highlights the transformative power of the Gospel in redefining relationships and social structures, urging masters to see their servants as fellow members of the body of Christ.

1 Timothy 6:1-2
In 1 Timothy, Paul addresses the conduct of both slaves and masters within the Christian community. While the primary focus is on slaves, the passage implies expectations for masters as well. 1 Timothy 6:1-2 encourages slaves to honor their masters so that God's name and the teaching may not be slandered. The reciprocal expectation is that masters should act in a manner worthy of such honor, fostering an environment where God's name is glorified.

Theological Implications
The instructions for masters in the New Testament reflect a radical departure from the prevailing cultural norms of the time. By emphasizing mutual respect, fairness, and the recognition of a shared Master in heaven, these teachings challenge the traditional power dynamics and call for a Christ-centered approach to authority. Masters are reminded of their spiritual responsibilities and the call to embody the love and justice of Christ in their leadership.

These biblical instructions for masters serve as a timeless reminder of the Christian call to stewardship, humility, and the pursuit of justice, urging those in positions of authority to lead with compassion and integrity, always mindful of their ultimate accountability to God.