Topical Encyclopedia
The role of the High Priest in ancient Israel was one of profound spiritual significance and responsibility. As the chief religious leader, the High Priest was subject to specific restrictions that set him apart from other priests and the general populace. These additional restrictions underscored the sanctity and purity required for someone who served as the primary mediator between God and His people.
Marriage and FamilyThe High Priest was held to a higher standard regarding marriage. According to
Leviticus 21:13-14, "The woman he marries must be a virgin. He must not marry a widow, a divorced woman, or one defiled by prostitution, but only a virgin from his own people." This restriction ensured that the High Priest's family line remained ceremonially pure, reflecting the holiness required of his office.
Contact with the DeadWhile all priests were generally prohibited from defiling themselves by contact with the dead, the High Priest faced even stricter limitations.
Leviticus 21:11 states, "He must not go near any dead body or make himself unclean, even for his father or mother." This restriction emphasized the High Priest's continual state of ritual purity, as he was required to be ready to perform his sacred duties at all times, including entering the Holy of Holies on the Day of Atonement.
Garments and AnointingThe High Priest's garments were distinct and imbued with symbolic meaning, as described in
Exodus 28. These garments included the ephod, breastplate, robe, tunic, turban, and sash, each crafted with specific materials and colors. The High Priest was also anointed with a special oil, as detailed in
Exodus 29:7, "Take the anointing oil and anoint him by pouring it on his head." This anointing set him apart for his sacred duties and symbolized the Holy Spirit's empowerment for his role.
Holiness and ConductThe High Priest was expected to embody the highest standards of holiness and conduct.
Leviticus 21:6 declares, "They must be holy to their God and not profane the name of their God. For they present the offerings made by fire to the LORD, the food of their God. So they must be holy." This requirement extended beyond ritual purity to encompass moral and ethical behavior, reflecting the character of God whom he served.
Service in the Tabernacle and TempleThe High Priest had unique responsibilities in the Tabernacle and later the Temple, particularly on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. As described in
Leviticus 16, he alone entered the Holy of Holies to make atonement for the sins of the people. This annual rite was a solemn reminder of the High Priest's role as an intercessor and the need for purity and reverence in approaching God.
These additional restrictions for the High Priest highlight the gravity and sanctity of his office. They served as a constant reminder of the holiness required to stand in the presence of God and mediate on behalf of the people of Israel.