Haman, a prominent figure in the Book of Esther, is a central antagonist whose actions and subsequent execution are pivotal to the narrative of the Jewish festival of Purim. Haman, an Agagite and a high-ranking official in the Persian Empire under King Xerxes (Ahasuerus), is introduced as a man of considerable influence and power. His account is a testament to the themes of divine justice and the reversal of fortunes.

Background and Plot Against the Jews

Haman's animosity towards the Jews is ignited by Mordecai, a Jew who refuses to bow to him. This personal vendetta escalates into a genocidal plot against all Jews in the Persian Empire. Haman manipulates King Xerxes into issuing a decree to annihilate the Jewish people, casting lots (purim) to determine the date of their destruction (Esther 3:5-7). The decree is sealed with the king's signet ring, making it irrevocable.

Esther's Intervention

Queen Esther, a Jewess and cousin to Mordecai, becomes the key figure in thwarting Haman's plan. Mordecai urges Esther to use her position to intercede with the king, famously stating, "And who knows if perhaps you have come to the kingdom for such a time as this?" (Esther 4:14). Esther courageously approaches the king, risking her life, and invites him and Haman to a series of banquets.

The Downfall of Haman

During the second banquet, Esther reveals her Jewish identity and exposes Haman's plot to destroy her people. She pleads with King Xerxes, saying, "If I have found favor in your sight, O king, and if it pleases the king, let my life be given me at my petition, and my people at my request" (Esther 7:3). The king, enraged by Haman's treachery, steps out into the palace garden. Upon returning, he finds Haman falling on the couch where Esther is reclining, which further incites the king's wrath.

Execution

Haman's fate is sealed when Harbona, one of the king's eunuchs, informs the king of the gallows Haman had constructed for Mordecai. Ironically, these gallows, fifty cubits high, become the instrument of Haman's own execution. King Xerxes orders, "Hang him on it!" (Esther 7:9). Thus, Haman is hanged on the very gallows he had prepared for Mordecai, illustrating the biblical principle that those who plot evil will ultimately face divine retribution.

Aftermath

Following Haman's execution, his estate is given to Esther, and Mordecai is elevated to a position of prominence, taking over Haman's role. The king's edict cannot be revoked, but Esther and Mordecai are granted the authority to issue a counter-decree, allowing the Jews to defend themselves against their enemies (Esther 8:11-12). This leads to a great victory for the Jews and the establishment of the Feast of Purim, commemorating their deliverance.

Haman's execution serves as a powerful reminder of God's providence and justice, demonstrating that pride and malice ultimately lead to downfall, while faithfulness and courage are rewarded.