Introduction

God's instructions to Moses are a central theme in the Pentateuch, particularly in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These instructions encompass a wide range of directives, including the liberation of the Israelites from Egypt, the establishment of the covenant at Sinai, the construction of the Tabernacle, and the implementation of the Law. Moses, as the chosen leader and prophet, serves as the intermediary between God and the people of Israel.

The Call of Moses

God's initial instructions to Moses are found in Exodus 3, where He appears to Moses in the burning bush. God commands Moses to return to Egypt and lead the Israelites out of bondage. "So now, go. I am sending you to Pharaoh to bring My people the Israelites out of Egypt" (Exodus 3:10). Despite Moses' hesitations and objections, God reassures him of His presence and provides signs to authenticate his mission.

The Exodus and the Passover

God's instructions for the Exodus include detailed directives for the Passover, a pivotal event marking Israel's deliverance. In Exodus 12, God commands Moses to instruct the Israelites to sacrifice a lamb and apply its blood to their doorposts. "This is how you are to eat it: with your cloak tucked into your belt, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. Eat it in haste; it is the LORD’s Passover" (Exodus 12:11). These instructions establish the Passover as a perpetual ordinance for Israel.

The Covenant at Sinai

At Mount Sinai, God delivers the Ten Commandments and other laws to Moses, forming the basis of the covenant with Israel. In Exodus 19-24, God outlines the moral, civil, and ceremonial laws that will govern the nation. "Now if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, you will be My treasured possession out of all the nations—for the whole earth is Mine" (Exodus 19:5). The instructions emphasize holiness, justice, and worship.

The Tabernacle and Priesthood

God provides Moses with precise instructions for constructing the Tabernacle, a portable sanctuary for worship. Detailed in Exodus 25-31, these instructions include the design of the Ark of the Covenant, the altar, and the priestly garments. "Then have them make a sanctuary for Me, so that I may dwell among them" (Exodus 25:8). The Tabernacle symbolizes God's presence among His people and establishes the priesthood's role in mediating between God and Israel.

The Wilderness Journey

Throughout the Israelites' journey in the wilderness, God continues to instruct Moses on various matters, including leadership, worship, and community life. In Numbers, God provides guidance on organizing the tribes, conducting censuses, and addressing rebellion. "The LORD said to Moses, 'Send out for yourself men to spy out the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the Israelites'" (Numbers 13:1-2). These instructions are crucial for maintaining order and faithfulness during the journey.

Renewal of the Covenant

In Deuteronomy, Moses reiterates God's laws and instructions as the Israelites prepare to enter the Promised Land. This renewal of the covenant emphasizes obedience and the blessings and curses associated with it. "See, I have set before you today life and goodness, as well as death and disaster" (Deuteronomy 30:15). Moses' final instructions serve as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the importance of covenant loyalty.

Conclusion

God's instructions to Moses are foundational for understanding Israel's identity and relationship with God. They encompass deliverance, covenant, worship, and community life, reflecting God's holiness and His desire for a people set apart for His purposes. Moses, as the mediator of these divine instructions, plays a crucial role in shaping the spiritual and social fabric of Israel.