Introduction

The narrative of Balaam, a non-Israelite prophet, is found primarily in the Book of Numbers, chapters 22 to 24. Balaam is a complex figure, often remembered for his encounter with a talking donkey and his subsequent prophecies concerning Israel. The account of God's command to Balaam is a significant episode that highlights themes of divine sovereignty, obedience, and the futility of opposing God's will.

Context

The account unfolds as the Israelites, under the leadership of Moses, are encamped in the plains of Moab, near the Jordan River, opposite Jericho. Balak, the king of Moab, is alarmed by the presence and the recent victories of the Israelites. In an attempt to thwart their progress, Balak seeks the services of Balaam, a renowned diviner, to curse the Israelites.

God's Initial Command

Balak sends messengers to Balaam with the request to curse Israel. Balaam instructs the messengers to stay overnight, promising to relay whatever word the LORD gives him. That night, God comes to Balaam and asks, "Who are these men with you?" (Numbers 22:9). Balaam explains the situation, and God responds with a clear command: "Do not go with them. You are not to curse this people, for they are blessed" (Numbers 22:12).

Balaam's Response

Balaam conveys God's message to Balak's messengers, refusing to accompany them. However, Balak persists, sending more distinguished officials with promises of great reward. Balaam, despite knowing God's will, invites them to stay overnight again, hoping for a different response from God.

God's Conditional Permission

God appears to Balaam a second time, saying, "Since these men have come to summon you, get up and go with them. But you must do only what I tell you" (Numbers 22:20). This conditional permission underscores God's control over the situation, allowing Balaam to proceed but only under divine instruction.

The Angel of the LORD and the Donkey

As Balaam sets out with the Moabite officials, God's anger is kindled because Balaam's heart is not aligned with God's command. The Angel of the LORD stands in the road to oppose him. Balaam's donkey sees the angel and turns aside, eventually speaking to Balaam after being struck three times. The LORD opens Balaam's eyes, and he sees the angel, who reiterates the command: "Go with the men, but speak only what I tell you" (Numbers 22:35).

Balaam's Prophecies

Upon reaching Balak, Balaam is taken to various high places to curse Israel. However, each time Balaam opens his mouth, he blesses Israel instead, as the Spirit of God comes upon him. Balaam declares, "How can I curse whom God has not cursed? How can I denounce whom the LORD has not denounced?" (Numbers 23:8). Despite Balak's frustration, Balaam remains obedient to God's command, delivering a series of oracles that affirm God's blessing and protection over Israel.

Theological Implications

The account of God's command to Balaam illustrates the inviolability of God's blessing and the futility of human attempts to subvert divine will. Balaam's experience serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and the importance of aligning one's actions with His commands. The narrative also highlights the theme of God's faithfulness to His covenant people, Israel, ensuring their protection and prosperity despite external threats.

Conclusion

The account of Balaam and God's command to him is a powerful testament to the authority and unchangeable nature of God's word. It serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of greed and the necessity of obedience to God's directives, reinforcing the biblical principle that God's purposes will ultimately prevail.