Context and Background:
Exodus 17:11-12 is a passage situated within the narrative of the Israelites' journey through the wilderness after their exodus from Egypt. This particular episode occurs at Rephidim, where the Israelites face an attack from the Amalekites. The Amalekites were a nomadic tribe, descendants of Esau, and are often depicted in the Old Testament as adversaries of Israel. This battle is significant as it marks the first military engagement for the Israelites after their escape from Egyptian bondage.

Scriptural Text (Berean Standard Bible):
Exodus 17:11-12 reads: "As long as Moses held up his hands, Israel prevailed; but when he lowered them, Amalek prevailed. When Moses’ hands grew heavy, they took a stone and put it under him, and he sat on it. Then Aaron and Hur held his hands up, one on each side, so that his hands remained steady until the sun went down."

Analysis and Interpretation:

1. Symbolism of Moses' Hands:
The act of Moses raising his hands is symbolic of intercession and dependence on divine power. In the ancient Near Eastern context, raised hands were often a posture of prayer and supplication. Moses' raised hands signify an appeal to God for victory and divine intervention. The success of the Israelites is directly linked to Moses' posture, emphasizing the necessity of reliance on God rather than human strength alone.

2. Role of Aaron and Hur:
Aaron and Hur's support of Moses highlights the importance of community and cooperation in achieving God's purposes. Their actions demonstrate the need for mutual support among God's people, especially in times of trial and spiritual warfare. This cooperation ensures that Moses' hands remain steady, allowing the Israelites to prevail. It underscores the biblical principle that leadership and victory are often communal efforts, requiring the support and participation of the entire community.

3. Perseverance and Faith:
The passage illustrates the theme of perseverance in faith. Moses' persistence in keeping his hands raised, despite physical exhaustion, serves as a metaphor for steadfastness in prayer and faith. The narrative encourages believers to remain faithful and persistent in seeking God's help, even when circumstances are challenging.

4. Divine Sovereignty and Human Responsibility:
The interplay between divine sovereignty and human responsibility is evident in this passage. While the victory is ultimately attributed to God's intervention, the actions of Moses, Aaron, and Hur are crucial. This balance reflects a biblical worldview where human effort and divine power work in tandem to accomplish God's will.

5. Historical and Theological Significance:
This event is historically significant as it establishes the Amalekites as perpetual enemies of Israel, leading to future conflicts. Theologically, it reinforces the concept of God as a warrior who fights on behalf of His people. It also foreshadows the ultimate victory of God's people over their enemies through divine assistance.

Applications for Believers:
Believers are encouraged to adopt a posture of prayer and reliance on God in their spiritual battles. The passage serves as a reminder of the power of intercession and the importance of supporting one another in faith. It calls for perseverance and trust in God's sovereignty, recognizing that victory comes through His strength and guidance.