The curtains of goat hair for the tent over the Tabernacle hold significant importance in the construction and symbolism of the Tabernacle as described in the Old Testament. These curtains were part of the intricate design commanded by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, serving both practical and spiritual purposes in the worship life of the Israelites.

Biblical Description and Specifications

The instructions for the curtains of goat hair are detailed in the Book of Exodus. According to Exodus 26:7-13 , "You are to make curtains of goat hair for the tent over the tabernacle—eleven curtains in all. Each of the eleven curtains is to be the same size—thirty cubits long and four cubits wide. Join five of the curtains into one set and the other six into another set. Fold the sixth curtain double at the front of the tent. Make fifty loops along the edge of the end curtain in one set, and fifty loops along the edge of the end curtain in the other set. Make fifty bronze clasps and put them through the loops to join the tent together as a unit. As for the additional length of the tent curtains, the half curtain that is left over is to hang down at the rear of the tabernacle."

These curtains were crafted from goat hair, a material known for its durability and weather-resistant properties, making it suitable for the outer covering of the Tabernacle. The use of goat hair also reflects the pastoral lifestyle of the Israelites and their reliance on livestock.

Symbolism and Spiritual Significance

The curtains of goat hair symbolize several spiritual truths. Firstly, they represent the protective covering of God over His people. Just as the curtains shielded the Tabernacle from the elements, God's presence provided protection and guidance to the Israelites during their wilderness journey.

Moreover, the use of goat hair is significant in the context of the sacrificial system. Goats were often used in sin offerings, and the Day of Atonement ritual involved the scapegoat, which carried the sins of the people into the wilderness (Leviticus 16:10). Thus, the goat hair curtains can be seen as a reminder of the need for atonement and the covering of sin, pointing forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who provides the final atonement for sin.

Construction and Craftsmanship

The craftsmanship involved in making the curtains was a testament to the skill and dedication of the artisans among the Israelites. The precise measurements and the method of joining the curtains with loops and clasps highlight the order and attention to detail that God required in His dwelling place. This meticulous construction process underscores the holiness and sanctity of the Tabernacle as the earthly dwelling of the divine presence.

Role in the Tabernacle Structure

The curtains of goat hair formed the second layer of covering over the Tabernacle, lying above the fine linen curtains and beneath the ram skins dyed red and the hides of sea cows. This layering not only provided physical protection but also added to the sacredness of the inner sanctuary, where the Ark of the Covenant was housed. The multi-layered coverings emphasized the separation between the holy presence of God and the outside world, illustrating the concept of holiness and the need for purity when approaching God.

In summary, the curtains of goat hair for the tent over the Tabernacle were a vital component of the sacred structure, rich in symbolism and practical function. They reflect the themes of protection, atonement, and the holiness of God's dwelling among His people.