The Capture of Jerusalem is a significant event in biblical history, occurring at various times and under different circumstances throughout the Scriptures. Each capture holds theological and historical importance, reflecting God's judgment, mercy, and the unfolding of His divine plan.

1. Capture by King David (c. 1000 BC):
The first notable capture of Jerusalem is by King David, as recorded in 2 Samuel 5:6-9. David conquered the Jebusite city, making it the political and spiritual center of Israel. The Berean Standard Bible states, "David captured the fortress of Zion, that is, the City of David" (2 Samuel 5:7). This event marked the establishment of Jerusalem as the capital of the united kingdom of Israel and the eventual site of the Temple.

2. Capture by the Babylonians (586 BC):
The Babylonian capture of Jerusalem is a pivotal moment in the Old Testament, leading to the destruction of Solomon's Temple and the Babylonian Exile. This event is detailed in 2 Kings 25 and 2 Chronicles 36. The BSB recounts, "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to Jerusalem and laid siege to it" (2 Kings 25:1). The fall of Jerusalem was seen as divine judgment for the nation's persistent idolatry and disobedience.

3. Capture by the Romans (AD 70):
The Roman capture and subsequent destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70 fulfilled Jesus' prophecy concerning the Temple's destruction (Matthew 24:2). This event is not directly recorded in the Bible but is referenced in the context of Jesus' warnings about the coming judgment. The destruction marked the end of the Second Temple period and had profound implications for Jewish and Christian history.

Theological Significance:
Each capture of Jerusalem serves as a testament to God's sovereignty and the consequences of covenant unfaithfulness. The city's captures and restorations highlight themes of judgment, repentance, and hope. Jerusalem's centrality in biblical prophecy underscores its role in God's redemptive plan, culminating in the eschatological vision of a New Jerusalem (Revelation 21:2).

Prophetic and Eschatological Context:
Jerusalem's captures are often viewed through the lens of biblical prophecy. The prophets, including Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, spoke of both the city's destruction and its future restoration. Zechariah 12:9-10 prophesies a time when God will defend Jerusalem and pour out a spirit of grace and supplication, pointing to a future hope for the city and its people.

Conclusion:
The Capture of Jerusalem remains a profound subject of study, reflecting the complexities of divine justice and mercy. It serves as a reminder of the importance of faithfulness to God's covenant and the ultimate hope found in His promises.