Calling

In Christian theology, the concept of "calling" refers to the divine invitation extended by God to individuals, inviting them to enter into a relationship with Him and to fulfill His purposes. This calling is often understood in two primary senses: the general call and the effectual call.

1. General Call: This is the universal invitation to all people to repent and believe in the Gospel. It is the proclamation of the good news of Jesus Christ to all humanity, as seen in passages like Matthew 22:14, "For many are called, but few are chosen." The general call is an expression of God's desire for all to come to repentance and faith, as echoed in 2 Peter 3:9, "The Lord is not slow in keeping His promise as some understand slowness, but is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance."

2. Effectual Call: This refers to the work of the Holy Spirit in the hearts of the elect, enabling them to respond in faith to the Gospel. It is a specific and powerful calling that results in salvation. Romans 8:30 illustrates this concept: "And those He predestined, He also called; those He called, He also justified; those He justified, He also glorified." The effectual call is a demonstration of God's sovereign grace, ensuring that His purposes in election are fulfilled.

Election

Election is the doctrine that God, in His sovereignty, chooses certain individuals to be recipients of His grace and salvation. This choice is not based on any foreseen merit or action on the part of the individual but is solely an act of God's will and purpose.

1. Biblical Foundation: The concept of election is rooted in Scripture, with numerous passages affirming God's sovereign choice. Ephesians 1:4-5 states, "For He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world to be holy and blameless in His presence. In love He predestined us for adoption as His sons through Jesus Christ, according to the good pleasure of His will." This passage highlights the eternal nature of God's election and His purpose in choosing individuals for holiness and adoption.

2. Purpose of Election: The purpose of election is to bring glory to God and to accomplish His redemptive plan. As seen in 1 Peter 2:9, "But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession, to proclaim the virtues of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light." Election serves to set apart a people who will declare God's praises and live according to His will.

3. Assurance and Responsibility: The doctrine of election provides believers with assurance of their salvation, knowing that it is rooted in God's unchanging purpose. However, it also carries a responsibility to live in a manner worthy of their calling. 2 Peter 1:10 exhorts believers, "Therefore, brothers, strive to make your calling and election sure. For if you practice these things, you will never stumble." This verse encourages believers to confirm their election through a life of faith and obedience.

In summary, calling and election are intertwined doctrines that emphasize God's initiative in salvation and the believer's response to His grace. They underscore the sovereignty of God in the salvation process and the assurance and responsibility that come with being chosen by Him.