Balaam, a non-Israelite prophet, is a complex figure in the biblical narrative, primarily found in the Book of Numbers. His response to various divine and human interactions provides significant insight into his character and the broader themes of obedience, prophecy, and divine sovereignty.

Context and Background

Balaam, son of Beor, is introduced in Numbers 22-24. He resides in Pethor, near the Euphrates River, and is known for his ability to bless and curse. Balak, the king of Moab, fearing the encroaching Israelites, summons Balaam to curse them, hoping to weaken them. Balaam's response to this request is pivotal in understanding his role and the unfolding events.

Initial Response to Balak's Messengers

When Balak's messengers first approach Balaam, he instructs them to stay overnight, stating, "I will bring back to you the word that the LORD speaks to me" (Numbers 22:8). This response indicates Balaam's recognition of the LORD's authority, suggesting an initial willingness to seek divine guidance.

God's response to Balaam is clear: "You are not to go with them. You are not to curse this people, for they are blessed" (Numbers 22:12). Balaam conveys this message to Balak's officials, refusing to go with them. His response here reflects obedience to God's direct command, despite the potential for personal gain.

The Second Entreaty and Balaam's Journey

Balak persists, sending more distinguished officials with promises of great reward. Balaam's response is telling: "Even if Balak were to give me his house full of silver and gold, I could not go beyond the command of the LORD my God to do anything small or great" (Numbers 22:18). Yet, he invites the officials to stay, hoping for a different divine message.

God permits Balaam to go with the men but instructs him to do only what He commands (Numbers 22:20). Balaam's subsequent journey is marked by the famous encounter with the angel of the LORD and his talking donkey, highlighting the tension between divine will and human action.

Prophetic Oracles and Blessings

Upon reaching Balak, Balaam's response is consistent: he can only speak the words God puts in his mouth. Despite Balak's insistence, Balaam delivers four oracles, each blessing Israel rather than cursing them. His first oracle declares, "How can I curse what God has not cursed? How can I denounce what the LORD has not denounced?" (Numbers 23:8).

Balaam's subsequent oracles continue to affirm God's blessing on Israel, culminating in a prophecy of a future ruler: "A star will come out of Jacob, and a scepter will rise out of Israel" (Numbers 24:17). These responses underscore the theme of divine sovereignty and the futility of opposing God's will.

Later References and Legacy

Balaam's legacy is further complicated by later biblical references. Numbers 31:16 and Revelation 2:14 suggest that Balaam advised Balak to entice the Israelites into sin, leading to their downfall. This duality in Balaam's character—obedient prophet and instigator of sin—serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of compromising divine commands for personal gain.

In summary, Balaam's responses throughout the narrative reveal a man caught between divine revelation and human ambition. His account serves as a powerful reminder of the supremacy of God's will and the importance of unwavering obedience to His commands.