The affirmation of monotheism is a central tenet of biblical theology, emphasizing the belief in one, and only one, God. This doctrine is foundational to the faith and practice of the Israelites and is carried through into Christian theology. The Bible consistently affirms the existence and supremacy of one God, rejecting polytheism and idolatry.

Old Testament Foundations

The Shema, found in Deuteronomy 6:4, is one of the most explicit affirmations of monotheism in the Old Testament: "Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is One." This declaration not only asserts the oneness of God but also serves as a call to exclusive worship and devotion to Him. The Shema is recited daily in Jewish tradition, underscoring its importance.

The Ten Commandments, given in Exodus 20, begin with a clear directive against the worship of other gods: "You shall have no other gods before Me" (Exodus 20:3). This commandment establishes the exclusivity of worship due to Yahweh alone, reinforcing the monotheistic belief.

The prophets also affirm monotheism, often contrasting the living God with the idols of surrounding nations. Isaiah 45:5 states, "I am the LORD, and there is no other; there is no God but Me." This proclamation highlights God's unique sovereignty and the futility of idol worship.

New Testament Continuation

The New Testament continues the affirmation of monotheism, with Jesus and the apostles upholding the belief in one God. In Mark 12:29, Jesus reiterates the Shema when asked about the greatest commandment: "The most important is, 'Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is One.'"

The apostle Paul, writing to the Corinthians, affirms monotheism in the context of a polytheistic society: "Yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom all things came and for whom we exist" (1 Corinthians 8:6). Paul acknowledges the existence of so-called gods but emphasizes the reality of only one true God.

James 2:19 further underscores this belief: "You believe that God is one. Good for you! Even the demons believe that—and shudder." This passage not only affirms monotheism but also suggests that mere intellectual assent to this truth is insufficient without corresponding faith and action.

Theological Implications

The affirmation of monotheism has profound theological implications. It establishes the basis for God's unique authority and sovereignty over creation. It also forms the foundation for the covenant relationship between God and His people, as seen in the Old Testament, and extends to the New Covenant through Christ.

Monotheism also shapes the ethical and moral framework within which believers are called to live. The exclusive worship of one God demands a life of holiness, obedience, and devotion, as articulated throughout Scripture.

Conclusion

The affirmation of monotheism is a consistent and pervasive theme throughout the Bible, forming the bedrock of Judeo-Christian belief. It calls believers to recognize and worship the one true God, rejecting all forms of idolatry and false worship.