Background:
Adonijah, the fourth son of King David, is a significant figure in the narrative of the transition of power from David to Solomon. As David's health declined, Adonijah, whose mother was Haggith, sought to establish himself as king, despite David's intentions for Solomon, the son of Bathsheba, to succeed him. This episode is a pivotal moment in the history of Israel's monarchy, illustrating themes of divine providence, the fulfillment of God's promises, and the importance of rightful succession.

Biblical Account:
The account of Adonijah learning of Solomon's kingship is found in 1 Kings 1. Adonijah, taking advantage of his father's frailty, declared himself king with the support of key figures such as Joab, the commander of the army, and Abiathar the priest. He held a feast at the Stone of Zoheleth, inviting all his brothers, except Solomon, and other royal officials. However, Nathan the prophet and Bathsheba informed King David of Adonijah's actions, prompting David to take decisive action to ensure Solomon's anointing as king.

David instructed Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah son of Jehoiada to anoint Solomon at Gihon. The people rejoiced, and the sound of their celebration reached Adonijah and his guests. As they were feasting, Jonathan, son of Abiathar the priest, arrived with news of Solomon's anointing. The Bible records, "Our lord King David has made Solomon king. And the king has sent with him Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, Benaiah son of Jehoiada, the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, and they have mounted Solomon on the king’s mule" (1 Kings 1:43-44).

Adonijah's Reaction:
Upon hearing the news, Adonijah and his guests were struck with fear. The feast abruptly ended, and the guests dispersed. Adonijah, fearing for his life, sought refuge by taking hold of the horns of the altar, a traditional act of seeking asylum. Solomon, informed of Adonijah's actions, showed clemency, stating, "If he is a man of honor, not a hair of his head will fall to the ground; but if evil is found in him, he will die" (1 Kings 1:52). Adonijah was brought before Solomon, who instructed him to go home, thus sparing his life at that moment.

Theological Significance:
The episode of Adonijah learning of Solomon's kingship underscores the sovereignty of God in the affairs of men. Despite Adonijah's ambitions and the support he garnered, it was Solomon whom God had chosen to succeed David. This narrative highlights the importance of divine election and the fulfillment of God's promises, as Solomon's kingship was in accordance with God's covenant with David. It also serves as a reminder of the consequences of attempting to thwart God's plans and the ultimate futility of human schemes against divine will.

Lessons and Reflections:
Adonijah's account is a cautionary tale about the dangers of pride and presumption. His attempt to seize the throne without divine sanction led to his downfall. The narrative encourages believers to seek God's will and timing in their endeavors, trusting in His plans and purposes. It also illustrates the importance of humility and submission to God's chosen leaders, as well as the value of mercy and forgiveness, as demonstrated by Solomon's initial clemency towards Adonijah.