Proverbs 12:23

A shrewd man keeps his knowledge to himself, but a foolish heart proclaims its folly.

Study Bible

A shrewd man
The term "shrewd" in this context is derived from the Hebrew word "עָרוּם" (arum), which implies being prudent, sensible, or wise. In the biblical context, shrewdness is often associated with a deep understanding and discernment that comes from a heart aligned with God's wisdom. Historically, shrewdness was a valued trait in ancient Near Eastern cultures, where survival often depended on one's ability to navigate complex social and political landscapes. In a spiritual sense, a shrewd man is one who exercises discretion and discernment, reflecting the wisdom that comes from a relationship with God.

keeps his knowledge to himself
The phrase suggests a deliberate choice to withhold or guard one's understanding. The Hebrew root "כָּסָה" (kasah) means to cover or conceal. This does not imply selfishness but rather a wise restraint. In biblical times, knowledge was a precious commodity, and the wise person understood the value of timing and context in sharing it. This restraint is a mark of maturity and wisdom, recognizing that not all knowledge is beneficial to share in every situation. It reflects a heart that is cautious and considerate, understanding the power of words and the impact they can have.

but a foolish heart
The word "foolish" comes from the Hebrew "אֱוִיל" (ewil), which denotes a lack of wisdom or moral insight. In the Bible, foolishness is often contrasted with wisdom and is characterized by a rejection of God's ways. The "heart" in Hebrew thought is the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. A foolish heart, therefore, is one that is not aligned with God's wisdom and is prone to impulsive and reckless behavior. This phrase highlights the internal condition that leads to outward folly.

proclaims its folly
The verb "proclaims" is from the Hebrew "קָרָא" (qara), meaning to call out or announce. This suggests a public declaration, often without consideration of the consequences. In ancient cultures, public speech was a powerful tool, and the foolish person is depicted as one who lacks the discretion to know when to speak and when to remain silent. "Folly" here is the Hebrew "אִוֶּלֶת" (ivvelet), which refers to senselessness or lack of judgment. The verse contrasts the wise restraint of the shrewd man with the reckless openness of the fool, emphasizing the biblical principle that true wisdom often involves knowing when to speak and when to remain silent. This serves as a reminder of the importance of self-control and the value of wisdom in guiding our words and actions.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Shrewd Man
Represents a wise and discerning individual who exercises discretion and prudence in sharing knowledge.

2. Foolish Heart
Symbolizes a person lacking wisdom, who is quick to speak without understanding or consideration of the consequences.

Teaching Points

Value of Discretion
Discretion is a hallmark of wisdom. A shrewd person understands the power of words and chooses when and how to share knowledge.

Guarding the Heart
The heart is the wellspring of life. A foolish heart reveals its folly through careless words, indicating the need for spiritual vigilance and self-control.

Wisdom in Silence
Sometimes, silence is more powerful than words. Knowing when to speak and when to remain silent is a sign of maturity and understanding.

Impact of Words
Words have the power to build up or tear down. A wise person uses words to edify and encourage, while a fool's words often lead to harm and misunderstanding.

Cultivating Prudence
Prudence involves foresight and careful judgment. It is cultivated through prayer, study of Scripture, and seeking the guidance of the Holy Spirit.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of discretion in Proverbs 12:23 relate to the way we communicate in today's digital age?

2. In what ways can we cultivate a "shrewd" heart that aligns with biblical wisdom?

3. Reflect on a time when you witnessed the consequences of a "foolish heart" proclaiming its folly. What lessons can be learned from that experience?

4. How can James 1:19 and Proverbs 12:23 together guide us in our interactions with others, especially in conflict situations?

5. What practical steps can we take to ensure that our words reflect the wisdom and discretion described in Proverbs 12:23?

Connections to Other Scriptures

James 1:19
This verse advises believers to be quick to listen, slow to speak, and slow to anger, emphasizing the importance of discretion and thoughtful communication.

Proverbs 13:16
Highlights that every prudent man acts with knowledge, reinforcing the idea that wisdom involves careful consideration before speaking or acting.

Ecclesiastes 5:2
Warns against rash words, suggesting that a wise person is measured in their speech, aligning with the shrewd man's behavior in Proverbs 12:23.