Numbers 31:36

This was the half portion for those who had gone to war: 337,500 sheep,

Study Bible

This was the half portion
The phrase "This was the half portion" indicates a division of spoils following a victorious battle. In the context of Numbers 31, the Israelites had just defeated the Midianites, and the spoils of war were being divided. The concept of dividing spoils is deeply rooted in ancient Near Eastern practices, where victors would share the bounty of their conquests. Biblically, this division also reflects God's justice and provision, ensuring that those who risked their lives in battle were rewarded. Theologically, it underscores the principle of fairness and the acknowledgment of service and sacrifice.

for those who had gone to war
This phrase highlights the specific group of individuals who were to receive this portion: the warriors. In ancient Israel, going to war was not only a civic duty but also a spiritual one, as battles were often seen as divinely sanctioned. The warriors' share of the spoils was a tangible recognition of their bravery and contribution to the community's safety and success. Historically, this reflects the societal structure where warriors were esteemed and their efforts materially compensated, ensuring their sustenance and encouraging future service.

337,500 sheep
The specific number "337,500 sheep" illustrates the vastness of the spoils and the wealth that was acquired through this military campaign. Sheep were a valuable commodity in ancient times, representing wealth, sustenance, and economic stability. They provided wool, meat, and milk, essential resources for the community. The precise counting of the sheep signifies the importance of order and accountability in the distribution process. Scripturally, sheep often symbolize God's provision and care, as seen in various biblical passages where God is depicted as a shepherd. This large number of sheep can also be seen as a testament to God's abundant blessings upon His people when they act in obedience to His commands.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who was commanded by God to take vengeance on the Midianites.

2. Israelite Warriors
The men who went to battle against the Midianites as instructed by God.

3. Midianites
A people who were enemies of Israel and were defeated in this battle.

4. Eleazar the Priest
The priest who was involved in the distribution of the spoils of war.

5. The Plains of Moab
The location where the Israelites were camped during this event.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty in Battle
God directed the battle against the Midianites, demonstrating His control over the outcomes of conflicts.

Principles of Fair Distribution
The division of spoils among those who fought and those who stayed behind highlights fairness and community responsibility.

Obedience to Divine Commands
The Israelites' obedience to God’s command to take vengeance on the Midianites is a reminder of the importance of following God’s instructions.

The Role of Leadership
Moses and Eleazar’s roles in managing the aftermath of the battle underscore the importance of godly leadership in executing God’s plans.

Spiritual Warfare
The physical battle against the Midianites can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual battles, where believers must rely on God’s strength and guidance.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the division of spoils in Numbers 31:36 reflect God’s justice and fairness, and how can we apply these principles in our own lives?

2. In what ways does the account of the battle against the Midianites encourage us to trust in God’s sovereignty during our personal struggles?

3. How can the obedience of the Israelite warriors to God’s command inspire us to follow God’s instructions in our daily lives?

4. What lessons can we learn from Moses and Eleazar’s leadership in handling the aftermath of the battle, and how can these lessons be applied to leadership roles today?

5. How does the concept of spiritual warfare, as seen through the lens of this physical battle, challenge us to prepare and engage in our own spiritual battles?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 17
The Israelites' earlier conflict with the Amalekites, another group opposed to Israel, showing a pattern of God’s deliverance.

Deuteronomy 20
Provides laws concerning warfare, which relate to the conduct and division of spoils as seen in Numbers 31.

Joshua 22
Discusses the division of land and resources among the tribes, similar to the division of spoils in Numbers 31.

1 Samuel 30
David’s fair distribution of spoils after battle, echoing the principles seen in Numbers 31.