Numbers 31:28

Set aside a tribute for the LORD from what belongs to the soldiers who went into battle: one out of every five hundred, whether persons, cattle, donkeys, or sheep.

Study Bible

Set apart a tribute for the LORD
The phrase "set apart" comes from the Hebrew word "רום" (rum), which means to lift up or exalt. This action of setting apart signifies a dedication or consecration to God, highlighting the importance of recognizing His sovereignty and holiness. The "tribute" (מִכְסָה, mikseh) is a portion given as an offering, acknowledging God's provision and authority. In the context of ancient Israel, tributes were a common practice to honor a deity, and here it underscores the Israelites' acknowledgment of God's role in their victory and His rightful claim over the spoils of war.

from the captives
The term "captives" refers to the spoils taken from the Midianites after the Israelites' victory. In the ancient Near Eastern context, captives could include both people and livestock, which were considered valuable assets. This phrase indicates that the tribute to the LORD was to come from the very best of what was acquired, emphasizing the principle of giving God the first and finest portion of any gain.

one out of every five hundred
This specific ratio demonstrates the meticulous nature of the law and the importance of fairness and precision in offerings to God. The number "five hundred" is significant in that it represents a small, yet meaningful portion, ensuring that the tribute is substantial but not burdensome. This reflects God's understanding and compassion, as He requires a tribute that acknowledges His provision without impoverishing His people.

whether people, cattle, donkeys, or sheep
This list encompasses the various types of captives and livestock that were common in the ancient world. Each category represents wealth and sustenance, vital for the community's survival and prosperity. By including "people, cattle, donkeys, or sheep," the text highlights the comprehensive nature of the tribute, ensuring that all aspects of the spoils are recognized as blessings from God. This inclusivity also serves as a reminder of God's dominion over all creation and the need for His people to honor Him with every aspect of their lives.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who received God's instructions regarding the division of the spoils of war.

2. Israelites
The people of God, who were commanded to take vengeance on the Midianites and subsequently divide the spoils.

3. Midianites
A nomadic tribe that opposed Israel and led them into idolatry and immorality, prompting God's judgment.

4. Eleazar the Priest
The high priest who assisted Moses in the distribution of the spoils and the offering of the tribute.

5. The LORD
The God of Israel, who commanded the tribute as a recognition of His provision and victory.

Teaching Points

Acknowledgment of God's Sovereignty
The tribute from the spoils serves as a reminder that victory and provision come from the LORD. In our lives, we should acknowledge God's hand in our successes and blessings.

Obedience to God's Commands
The specific instruction to set aside a tribute underscores the importance of following God's commands precisely. We are called to obey God's Word in all aspects of our lives, trusting in His wisdom and guidance.

Generosity and Giving
The act of giving a portion of the spoils to the LORD reflects a heart of generosity and gratitude. As believers, we are encouraged to give back to God from what He has blessed us with, recognizing that all we have is from Him.

Community and Shared Responsibility
The division of the spoils among the community highlights the importance of shared responsibility and support within the body of Christ. We are called to care for one another and share our resources for the common good.

Holiness and Dedication
The tribute signifies a dedication to the LORD, setting apart a portion as holy. In our spiritual walk, we are called to live lives that are set apart and dedicated to God, reflecting His holiness in our actions and decisions.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of a tribute in Numbers 31:28 help us understand the importance of acknowledging God's role in our victories and successes?

2. In what ways can we practice obedience to God's commands in our daily lives, similar to the Israelites' obedience in setting aside a tribute?

3. How can the principle of generosity and giving, as seen in this passage, be applied in our financial stewardship and support of the church?

4. What are some practical ways we can demonstrate shared responsibility and support within our Christian community, reflecting the division of spoils among the Israelites?

5. How can we live lives that are set apart and dedicated to God, as symbolized by the tribute given to the LORD in this passage?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 30:11-16
This passage discusses the concept of a ransom or tribute to the LORD, similar to the tribute in Numbers 31:28, emphasizing the importance of acknowledging God's sovereignty and provision.

1 Samuel 15:22
This verse highlights the importance of obedience over sacrifice, which relates to the Israelites' need to follow God's specific instructions regarding the spoils.

Malachi 3:10
The principle of giving to God and recognizing His provision is echoed in the call to bring tithes into the storehouse, trusting in God's faithfulness.