Numbers 29:19

Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

Study Bible

Include one male goat
The phrase "include one male goat" refers to the specific requirement for a sin offering. In Hebrew, the word for "goat" is "sa'ir," which often denotes a hairy or shaggy goat, symbolizing the sin and impurity that needs to be atoned for. The male goat, in particular, was a common sacrificial animal in ancient Israelite worship, representing strength and vitality. This offering underscores the necessity of atonement and the seriousness with which God views sin. The male goat as a sin offering is a foreshadowing of Christ, who would become the ultimate sin offering for humanity.

as a sin offering
The term "sin offering" in Hebrew is "chatat," which signifies purification from sin. This offering was essential for maintaining the holiness of the community and the individual's relationship with God. The sin offering was not just about the act of sacrifice but about the heart's repentance and the desire for reconciliation with God. It points to the need for a mediator, which in the New Testament is fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who takes away the sin of the world.

in addition to the regular burnt offering
The phrase "in addition to the regular burnt offering" indicates that the sin offering was supplementary to the daily sacrifices. The "burnt offering," or "olah" in Hebrew, was a continual offering that symbolized complete surrender and dedication to God. It was entirely consumed by fire, representing the worshiper's total commitment. The addition of the sin offering highlights the layered complexity of the sacrificial system, where different offerings served distinct purposes, all pointing to a holistic approach to worship and atonement.

with its grain and drink offerings
The "grain offering," or "minchah" in Hebrew, was a tribute to God, often consisting of fine flour, oil, and frankincense. It symbolized the fruits of human labor and the dedication of one's sustenance to God. The "drink offering," or "nesek," typically involved the pouring out of wine, symbolizing joy and the outpouring of one's life in service to God. Together, these offerings represent the fullness of worship, involving both the spiritual and material aspects of life. They remind believers of the importance of offering their entire being—body, soul, and spirit—to God in gratitude and devotion.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Israelites
The people of God who are receiving these instructions for offerings.

2. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who is conveying God's commandments regarding the offerings.

3. Tabernacle
The place where these offerings are to be made, serving as the dwelling place of God among His people.

4. Feast of Tabernacles
The context of this passage, a significant festival in the Jewish calendar, celebrating God's provision and presence.

5. Sin Offering
A specific type of offering made to atone for sin, highlighting the need for purification and reconciliation with God.

Teaching Points

The Necessity of Atonement
The sin offering underscores humanity's need for atonement and reconciliation with God. It reminds us of the seriousness of sin and the provision God has made for forgiveness.

The Role of Rituals in Worship
While rituals like offerings were central to Israelite worship, they pointed to deeper spiritual truths. Today, our worship practices should also reflect genuine faith and devotion, not mere ritualism.

Christ as the Fulfillment of the Law
The offerings in Numbers foreshadow the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ. Understanding this connection deepens our appreciation for His atoning work and encourages us to live in gratitude and obedience.

Living Sacrifices
As believers, we are called to present our bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God. This involves daily surrender and commitment to God's will in every aspect of our lives.

Community and Worship
The communal aspect of these offerings highlights the importance of corporate worship and fellowship. Engaging in community worship strengthens our faith and encourages mutual edification.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of a sin offering in Numbers 29:19 help us understand the gravity of sin and the need for atonement?

2. In what ways does the Feast of Tabernacles, as the context for this passage, enhance our understanding of God's provision and presence?

3. How can we apply the principle of offering ourselves as living sacrifices in our daily lives, as encouraged in Romans 12:1?

4. What are some modern-day "rituals" or practices in our worship that might become mere formalities, and how can we ensure they remain meaningful?

5. How does understanding Christ as the fulfillment of the sacrificial system impact our view of Old Testament laws and our relationship with God today?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 4
Provides detailed instructions on sin offerings, emphasizing the need for atonement and the role of sacrifices in maintaining a right relationship with God.

Hebrews 10
Discusses the insufficiency of animal sacrifices and points to Christ as the ultimate and perfect sacrifice for sin.

Psalm 51
David's prayer of repentance, highlighting the importance of a contrite heart over ritual sacrifices.

Romans 12:1
Encourages believers to offer themselves as living sacrifices, connecting the concept of offerings to daily Christian living.