Numbers 18:3

And they shall attend to your duties and to all the duties of the Tent; but they must not come near to the furnishings of the sanctuary or the altar, or both they and you will die.

Study Bible

They shall attend to your obligations
This phrase underscores the role of the Levites in assisting the priests with their duties. The Hebrew root for "attend" is "shamar," which means to guard, keep, or watch over. This implies a vigilant and faithful service, highlighting the Levites' responsibility to support the priests in maintaining the sanctity and order of the tabernacle. Historically, this reflects the structured hierarchy within the Israelite community, where each tribe and family had specific roles ordained by God.

and all the duties of the tent
The "tent" refers to the Tabernacle, the central place of worship and the dwelling place of God's presence among the Israelites. The Hebrew word "ohel" is used here, emphasizing the temporary and mobile nature of the Tabernacle during the Israelites' wilderness journey. The Levites' duties involved not only the physical maintenance of the Tabernacle but also the spiritual readiness to serve in God's presence, ensuring that worship was conducted according to divine instructions.

but they must not come near the furnishings of the sanctuary
This phrase sets clear boundaries for the Levites, indicating that while they were to assist the priests, they were not to handle the sacred objects within the sanctuary. The Hebrew word for "furnishings" is "klei," which can mean vessels or implements. This restriction highlights the holiness of the sanctuary and the need for reverence and respect for God's dwelling place. It also underscores the distinct roles within the priesthood and the Levites, maintaining order and reverence in worship.

or the altar
The altar was a central element in Israelite worship, symbolizing the place of sacrifice and atonement. The Hebrew word "mizbeach" is used, which comes from a root meaning "to slaughter" or "sacrifice." This emphasizes the altar's role in the sacrificial system, a precursor to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ. The Levites' exclusion from the altar duties underscores the sanctity of the priestly role and the seriousness of approaching God through sacrifice.

or both you and they will die
This severe warning reflects the holiness of God and the seriousness of approaching Him improperly. The Hebrew word for "die" is "muth," which conveys the finality and seriousness of the consequence. This serves as a sobering reminder of the need for obedience and reverence in worship. It also foreshadows the New Testament teaching that the wages of sin is death, pointing to the necessity of Christ's atoning work for our approach to God.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Aaron
The high priest and brother of Moses, responsible for the sanctuary and its services.

2. Levites
The tribe set apart to assist the priests in the service of the tabernacle, but not allowed to perform priestly duties.

3. Sanctuary
The holy place where God's presence dwelt, containing sacred furnishings and the altar.

4. Altar
A sacred structure used for sacrifices and offerings to God, central to Israelite worship.

5. Tabernacle
The portable dwelling place for the divine presence, where the Israelites worshiped during their journey in the wilderness.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Roles and Boundaries
God assigns specific roles and responsibilities within His community. Understanding and respecting these roles is crucial for maintaining order and holiness.

The Holiness of God
The restrictions placed on the Levites highlight the holiness of God and the need for reverence when approaching Him. This calls for a heart of worship and respect in our own spiritual practices.

Consequences of Disobedience
The warning of death for improper approach to the sanctuary serves as a reminder of the seriousness of disobedience to God's commands. It encourages us to seek obedience in our daily walk with God.

Service in the Church
Just as the Levites were called to serve, every believer is called to serve in the body of Christ. Identifying and fulfilling our God-given roles is essential for the health of the church.

Christ as Our High Priest
While the Levites and priests had specific duties, Jesus Christ fulfills the ultimate role of high priest, granting us access to God. This truth should deepen our appreciation for His sacrifice and intercession.

Bible Study Questions

1. What can we learn from the specific roles assigned to Aaron and the Levites about God's design for leadership and service in the church today?

2. How does the holiness of the sanctuary in Numbers 18:3 reflect the nature of God, and how should this influence our approach to worship?

3. In what ways can we ensure that we are respecting the boundaries God has set in our lives, both spiritually and relationally?

4. How does the warning of death for improper approach to the sanctuary challenge us to take God's commands seriously in our own lives?

5. How does understanding Jesus as our high priest change the way we view our access to God and our role in His kingdom?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 28-29
These chapters describe the consecration of Aaron and his sons, establishing the priestly duties and the sacredness of their role.

Leviticus 10
The account of Nadab and Abihu, who were struck down for offering unauthorized fire, underscores the seriousness of approaching the sanctuary improperly.

Hebrews 9
This chapter discusses the earthly sanctuary and its regulations, drawing parallels to the heavenly sanctuary and the ultimate high priest, Jesus Christ.