Numbers 13:17

When Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, he told them, "Go up through the Negev and into the hill country.

Study Bible

When Moses sent them
The phrase begins with Moses, the revered leader of the Israelites, acting under divine instruction. The Hebrew root for "sent" is שָׁלַח (shalach), which implies a commissioning or dispatching with authority. Moses, as God's appointed leader, is executing a divine mandate. This act of sending is not merely logistical but deeply spiritual, as it involves obedience to God's promise to give Israel the land of Canaan. Historically, Moses' leadership is pivotal, as he guides the Israelites through the wilderness, relying on God's direction.

to spy out the land of Canaan
The mission to "spy out" comes from the Hebrew word תּוּר (tur), meaning to explore or scout. This exploration is not just for military strategy but also to witness the fulfillment of God's promise. Canaan, the land promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, is a land flowing with milk and honey, symbolizing abundance and divine blessing. The act of spying is a test of faith, as the Israelites must trust in God's promise despite the formidable inhabitants of the land. Archaeologically, Canaan was a region of diverse cultures and fortified cities, presenting both a challenge and an opportunity for the Israelites.

he told them
Moses' instructions are authoritative and purposeful. The Hebrew word for "told" is אָמַר (amar), which conveys a sense of declaring or commanding. Moses is not merely giving advice; he is conveying God's will. This highlights the importance of communication in leadership, especially when guiding a people through uncertainty. Moses' words are meant to inspire confidence and obedience among the spies, reminding them of their divine mission.

Go up through the Negev
The Negev, a semi-arid region in southern Israel, serves as the initial point of entry into Canaan. The Hebrew word נֶגֶב (negev) means "dry" or "south," reflecting the region's geography. This journey through the Negev is symbolic of the transition from the wilderness to the promised land. It represents a movement from barrenness to fertility, from wandering to settlement. The Negev's harsh conditions would test the spies' resolve and faith, preparing them for the challenges ahead.

and into the hill country
The "hill country" refers to the central highlands of Canaan, a region known for its strategic and agricultural significance. The Hebrew term הָהָר (har) denotes mountains or elevated terrain. This area was crucial for establishing a foothold in the land, as it provided natural defenses and fertile land for cultivation. Spiritually, ascending into the hill country symbolizes rising to meet God's promises, overcoming obstacles through faith and perseverance. The hill country, with its ancient cities and rich history, would remind the Israelites of God's enduring covenant and the fulfillment of His promises.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, chosen by God to lead His people out of Egypt and through the wilderness. In this passage, Moses is giving instructions to the spies.

2. The Spies
A group of twelve men, one from each tribe of Israel, sent by Moses to scout the land of Canaan, which God had promised to the Israelites.

3. The Land of Canaan
The Promised Land, a region that God had promised to Abraham and his descendants. It represents God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises.

4. The Negev
A desert region in the southern part of Canaan. The spies were instructed to pass through this area as part of their reconnaissance mission.

5. The Hill Country
A region of elevated terrain in Canaan. The spies were to explore this area to assess the land and its inhabitants.

Teaching Points

Obedience to Leadership
Moses, as God's appointed leader, gave clear instructions to the spies. This highlights the importance of following godly leadership and the guidance of those whom God has placed in authority.

Faith in God's Promises
The mission to spy out Canaan was rooted in the promise God made to Abraham. Believers today are called to trust in God's promises, even when the path seems uncertain.

Preparation and Strategy
The detailed instructions given to the spies underscore the importance of preparation and strategic planning in fulfilling God's purposes. Believers should seek God's wisdom in planning and decision-making.

Courage in the Face of Challenges
The spies were entering unknown and potentially hostile territory. This calls for courage and reliance on God's strength when facing life's challenges.

The Role of Community
The spies represented the twelve tribes, emphasizing the importance of community and collective responsibility in pursuing God's promises.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Moses' leadership in this passage reflect the qualities of a godly leader, and how can we apply these qualities in our own leadership roles?

2. In what ways does the mission of the spies demonstrate the balance between faith and practical action in the life of a believer?

3. How can we draw strength and courage from God's promises when facing uncertain or challenging situations in our lives?

4. What role does community play in our spiritual journey, and how can we support one another in pursuing God's promises?

5. How can we ensure that our plans and strategies align with God's will, and what steps can we take to seek His guidance in our decision-making processes?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 12:7
This verse records God's promise to Abraham to give his descendants the land of Canaan. The mission of the spies is a step towards the fulfillment of this promise.

Deuteronomy 1:22-25
This passage provides additional context for the sending of the spies, showing that the people requested this reconnaissance mission to better understand the land God was giving them.

Hebrews 11:8-10
This New Testament passage highlights the faith of Abraham, who obeyed God and went to the land of promise, living as a foreigner in anticipation of God's fulfillment.