Matthew 22:24

"Teacher," they said, "Moses declared that if a man dies without having children, his brother is to marry the widow and raise up offspring for him.

Study Bible

Teacher
The term "Teacher" is a translation of the Greek word "Didaskalos," which was a respectful title used for someone who was recognized as a master or instructor in religious or philosophical matters. In the context of the Gospels, it is often used to address Jesus, acknowledging His authority and wisdom in spiritual teachings. This title reflects the respect and recognition of Jesus' role as a spiritual leader and guide, even by those who sought to challenge Him.

Moses said
This phrase refers to the authority of Moses, the great lawgiver of Israel, who is traditionally credited with writing the first five books of the Bible, known as the Torah. The reference to Moses underscores the importance of the Law in Jewish life and the weight that his words carried. It also sets the stage for a discussion based on the Mosaic Law, which was central to Jewish identity and religious practice.

If a man dies without having children
This situation addresses a specific legal and social concern in ancient Israelite society. The continuation of a family line was of utmost importance, and having children was seen as a way to ensure the survival and inheritance of a family's name and property. The absence of children posed a significant problem, both socially and economically, for the family involved.

his brother shall marry the widow
This practice is known as "levirate marriage," derived from the Latin word "levir," meaning "brother-in-law." It was a custom commanded in the Mosaic Law, specifically in Deuteronomy 25:5-6, to preserve the family lineage and provide for the widow. This practice highlights the communal and familial responsibilities that were deeply embedded in the culture and religious life of ancient Israel.

and raise up offspring for him
The purpose of levirate marriage was to produce offspring who would carry on the deceased brother's name and inherit his property. This ensured that the family line and inheritance remained intact, which was a critical concern in the tribal and familial structure of ancient Israel. It reflects the broader biblical theme of legacy and the importance of family continuity in God's covenantal promises to His people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus
- The central figure in the Gospel of Matthew, who is being questioned by the Sadducees in this passage.

2. Sadducees
- A sect of Judaism at the time of Jesus known for their denial of the resurrection and their strict adherence to the Torah.

3. Moses
- The great prophet and lawgiver of Israel, whose teachings are being referenced by the Sadducees.

4. Levirate Marriage
- The practice described in the Mosaic Law where a brother is to marry his deceased brother's widow to produce offspring in his name.

5. The Law of Moses
- Specifically, the commandment found in Deuteronomy 25:5-6, which the Sadducees are quoting to Jesus.

Teaching Points

Understanding the Law
The Sadducees' question highlights the importance of understanding the context and purpose of the Mosaic Law. It was given to preserve family lineage and inheritance within Israel.

Resurrection and Eternal Perspective
Jesus uses this question to teach about the resurrection, emphasizing that earthly institutions like marriage are not the same in the eternal kingdom.

Scriptural Authority
Jesus demonstrates the importance of knowing and correctly interpreting Scripture, as He often corrected misunderstandings by referring back to the Word of God.

Faith in God's Power
The Sadducees' question reveals a lack of belief in God's power to raise the dead. Believers are called to trust in God's promises and His power over life and death.

Engaging with Skeptics
Jesus' interaction with the Sadducees provides a model for engaging with those who question or misunderstand biblical truths, using wisdom and Scripture to address their concerns.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of levirate marriage reflect God's concern for family and community in ancient Israel?

2. In what ways does Jesus' response to the Sadducees challenge their understanding of the resurrection and eternal life?

3. How can we apply Jesus' method of using Scripture to address misunderstandings or challenges to our faith today?

4. What does this passage teach us about the importance of having a correct understanding of Scripture and its teachings?

5. How can we cultivate a faith that trusts in God's power and promises, even when faced with skepticism or doubt?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 25:5-6
This is the original commandment regarding levirate marriage, which the Sadducees reference in their question to Jesus.

Genesis 38
The account of Tamar and Judah, which provides a account example of levirate marriage in practice.

Ruth 4
The account of Boaz and Ruth, which also involves the concept of a kinsman-redeemer, similar to levirate marriage.

Mark 12:18-27 and Luke 20:27-40
Parallel accounts of this interaction between Jesus and the Sadducees, providing additional context and details.