Leviticus 21:14

He is not to marry a widow, a divorced woman, or one defiled by prostitution. He is to marry a virgin from his own people,

Study Bible

He must not marry
This phrase sets a clear directive for the priests, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a standard of holiness and purity in their personal lives. The Hebrew root for "marry" is "לָקַח" (laqach), which means to take or to acquire. This reflects the cultural and religious significance of marriage as a covenantal act, not merely a social contract. In the context of the priesthood, marriage was not just a personal choice but a reflection of one's dedication to God and His commandments.

a widow
The Hebrew word for widow is "אַלְמָנָה" (almanah). In ancient Israel, widows were often vulnerable and without protection, and the community was commanded to care for them. However, for priests, marrying a widow was prohibited to maintain the symbolic purity and separation required of those who served in the temple. This restriction underscores the priest's role as a representative of God's holiness, which required a higher standard of conduct.

or a divorced woman
The term for divorced woman in Hebrew is "גְּרוּשָׁה" (gerushah). Divorce, while permitted under certain circumstances in Mosaic Law, was not the ideal state for marriage. The prohibition against priests marrying divorced women further emphasizes the call to a higher standard of purity and the importance of reflecting God's unchanging faithfulness in their personal lives.

but only a virgin
The Hebrew word for virgin is "בְּתוּלָה" (bethulah), signifying a woman who has not been married or had sexual relations. This requirement for priests highlights the ideal of purity and the symbolic representation of Israel as a pure bride to God. The emphasis on marrying a virgin underscores the call for priests to embody the holiness and sanctity that God desires for His people.

from his own people
This phrase, "מֵעַמָּיו" (me'amav), indicates that the priest must choose a wife from among the Israelites. This requirement ensured that the priest's family would remain within the covenant community, preserving the cultural and religious identity of the people. It also reflects the broader biblical theme of God's people being set apart from the surrounding nations, dedicated to His service and His laws.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The High Priest
The primary subject of this verse, the high priest held a unique and sacred role in Israelite society, serving as the chief religious leader and mediator between God and the people.

2. Israel
The nation to whom these laws were given, representing God's chosen people who were to live according to His statutes and commandments.

3. Moses
The prophet and leader through whom God delivered the laws and commandments, including those found in Leviticus.

4. The Tabernacle
The central place of worship for the Israelites, where the high priest performed his duties.

5. The Law of Moses
The body of laws given to the Israelites, which includes the book of Leviticus and outlines the requirements for holiness and worship.

Teaching Points

Holiness and Separation
The high priest's marriage restrictions highlight the importance of holiness and separation from worldly influences. As believers, we are called to live lives set apart for God.

Purity in Relationships
This verse underscores the significance of purity in relationships, reminding us to seek partners who share our faith and values.

Leadership and Example
Leaders in the church are held to high standards, much like the high priest. This calls for integrity and a commitment to living out God's commands.

Cultural Context and Application
Understanding the cultural and historical context of Leviticus helps us apply its principles to our lives today, recognizing the timeless call to holiness.

Christ as Our High Priest
Jesus fulfills the role of the high priest, offering a perfect example of holiness and intercession. We can look to Him as our model and mediator.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the requirement for the high priest to marry a virgin from his own people reflect the broader theme of holiness in Leviticus?

2. In what ways can the principles of purity and separation in Leviticus 21:14 be applied to modern Christian relationships?

3. How do the qualifications for church leaders in 1 Timothy 3 relate to the standards set for the high priest in Leviticus?

4. What does the role of the high priest in the Old Testament teach us about the nature of leadership and responsibility in the church today?

5. How does understanding Jesus as our high priest enhance our appreciation of the Old Testament priesthood and its requirements?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 28
Describes the garments and consecration of the high priest, emphasizing the holiness required of him.

Leviticus 10
Details the importance of holiness among the priests, including the consequences of failing to uphold God's standards.

1 Timothy 3
Discusses the qualifications for church leaders, drawing parallels to the high standards set for the high priest.

Ezekiel 44
Provides additional regulations for priests, reinforcing the theme of holiness and separation.

Hebrews 7
Explores the role of Jesus as our high priest, who fulfills and surpasses the requirements of the Levitical priesthood.