Leviticus 18:9

You must not have sexual relations with your sister, either your father's daughter or your mother's daughter, whether she was born in the same home or elsewhere.

Study Bible

You must not have sexual relations
This phrase is a direct command from God, emphasizing the prohibition of incestuous relationships. The Hebrew root for "sexual relations" is "גָּלָה עֶרְוָה" (galah ervah), which literally means to "uncover nakedness." This expression is a euphemism for sexual intercourse, highlighting the sacredness and boundaries God places around sexual relations. In the ancient Near Eastern context, such prohibitions were crucial for maintaining family integrity and social order. The command underscores the importance of purity and holiness in the community of Israel, setting them apart from surrounding nations whose practices often included incestuous relationships.

with your sister
The term "sister" here is derived from the Hebrew word "אָחוֹת" (achot), which refers to a female sibling. This prohibition extends to both full and half-sisters, emphasizing the sanctity of familial relationships. In the ancient world, family structures were central to societal stability, and this command serves to protect the family unit from internal corruption and moral decay. The family is seen as a microcosm of the larger community, and maintaining its purity is essential for the health of the nation.

either your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter
This phrase clarifies that the prohibition applies regardless of whether the sister is a full sibling or a half-sibling. The distinction between "father’s daughter" and "mother’s daughter" acknowledges the complex family dynamics that could arise from polygamous marriages, which were common in ancient Israel. By specifying both paternal and maternal connections, the law ensures comprehensive coverage of potential incestuous relationships, leaving no room for ambiguity or loopholes.

whether she was born in the same home or elsewhere
This clause further emphasizes the universality of the prohibition, indicating that the location of birth does not affect the moral and legal standing of the relationship. The Hebrew phrase "בֵּית אוֹ בַּחוּץ" (beit o bachutz) translates to "in the house or outside," suggesting that the familial bond transcends physical proximity. This reinforces the idea that God's laws are not bound by human circumstances but are absolute and apply to all situations. It also highlights the importance of understanding family ties beyond immediate living arrangements, recognizing the broader kinship network that defines one's responsibilities and moral obligations.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Leviticus, who received the laws from God to instruct the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, to whom the laws were given to set them apart from other nations.

3. Canaan
The land where the Israelites were headed, known for its pagan practices, which God wanted His people to avoid.

4. Egypt
The land from which the Israelites were delivered, also known for its immoral practices.

5. God
The divine lawgiver who establishes moral and ethical boundaries for His people.

Teaching Points

Understanding God's Design for Family
God established clear boundaries to protect the sanctity and integrity of the family unit. These laws were meant to preserve the holiness and purity of His people.

Holiness and Separation
The Israelites were called to be distinct from the surrounding nations. By adhering to God's laws, they demonstrated their commitment to Him and His standards.

Consequences of Disobedience
Violating God's commands leads to personal and communal consequences. The account of Amnon and Tamar serves as a cautionary tale of the destructive nature of sin.

Application to Modern Life
While cultural contexts have changed, the principles of purity and respect for family relationships remain relevant. Christians are called to uphold these values in their own lives.

Reflecting Christ's Love
In all relationships, believers are to reflect the love and purity of Christ, ensuring that their actions honor God and edify others.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the cultural context of Canaan and Egypt help us appreciate the importance of God's laws in Leviticus 18:9?

2. In what ways can the account of Amnon and Tamar serve as a warning for us today regarding the consequences of ignoring God's commands?

3. How can Christians today uphold the principles of purity and holiness in their relationships, both within and outside the family?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to ensure that our relationships reflect the love and purity of Christ?

5. How does the New Testament reinforce the principles found in Leviticus 18:9, and how can we apply these teachings in our daily lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 20
The account of Abraham and Sarah, where familial relationships are highlighted, showing the importance of understanding God's design for family.

2 Samuel 13
The account of Amnon and Tamar, illustrating the consequences of violating God's laws regarding family relationships.

1 Corinthians 5
Paul addresses sexual immorality in the church, emphasizing the need for purity and holiness among believers.

Deuteronomy 27
Reinforces the prohibitions against incestuous relationships, underscoring the consistency of God's moral law.

Ephesians 5
Discusses the sanctity of marriage and the importance of sexual purity, reflecting God's design for human relationships.