Joshua 12:10

the king of Jerusalem, one; the king of Hebron, one;

Study Bible

the king of Jerusalem
The mention of "the king of Jerusalem" in this verse is significant as it highlights the ancient city's prominence even before it became the central city of Israel under King David. The Hebrew root for Jerusalem, "Yerushalayim," suggests meanings related to "foundation of peace" or "teaching of peace." Historically, Jerusalem was a Canaanite city, and its king was part of a coalition against Israel. This reference underscores the city's long-standing importance and foreshadows its future as a spiritual and political center. Archaeological evidence supports Jerusalem's existence as a fortified city during this period, aligning with biblical accounts.

one
The use of "one" here is a simple yet profound enumeration of the defeated kings. It emphasizes the completeness and thoroughness of Israel's conquest under Joshua's leadership. Each "one" signifies a victory granted by God, reinforcing the theme of divine intervention and fulfillment of promises. The singularity of "one" also highlights the individual accountability and the specific judgment each king faced, reflecting the biblical principle that God deals with nations and leaders according to their actions.

the king of Hebron
Hebron, known in Hebrew as "Chevron," is another significant city with deep biblical roots. It was associated with the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who were buried in the Cave of Machpelah there. The mention of "the king of Hebron" indicates the city's importance and its role in the Canaanite resistance against Israel. Historically, Hebron was a major city in the southern hill country of Judah. Its conquest by Joshua is a testament to God's promise to give the land to the descendants of Abraham. The city's later designation as a Levitical city and a city of refuge further underscores its spiritual significance.

one
Again, the repetition of "one" serves to methodically list the victories achieved by the Israelites. It reflects the orderly and systematic nature of the conquest, as well as the divine orchestration behind it. Each "one" is a reminder of God's faithfulness in delivering the land to His people, fulfilling the covenant made with their forefathers. The enumeration also serves as a historical record, providing a tangible account of God's intervention in history.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King of Jerusalem
This refers to the ruler of Jerusalem during the time of Joshua's conquests. Jerusalem was a significant city in biblical history, later becoming the capital of Israel and the site of the Temple.

2. King of Hebron
The ruler of Hebron, another important city in the biblical account. Hebron is notable for its association with the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and later as a city of refuge and a Levitical city.

3. Joshua's Conquests
This verse is part of a larger passage listing the kings defeated by Joshua and the Israelites as they took possession of the Promised Land. It highlights the fulfillment of God's promises to Israel.

Teaching Points

God's Faithfulness in Fulfillment
The listing of defeated kings, including those of Jerusalem and Hebron, demonstrates God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to Israel. Believers can trust in God's promises in their own lives.

Spiritual Warfare and Victory
Just as Joshua led Israel in physical battles, Christians are engaged in spiritual warfare. Victory comes through faith and obedience to God's commands.

Significance of Place in God's Plan
Jerusalem and Hebron are not just historical locations but are integral to God's redemptive plan. Recognizing the significance of place can deepen our understanding of God's work in history.

Leadership and Obedience
Joshua's leadership and the obedience of the Israelites serve as a model for Christian leadership and the importance of following God's direction.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the defeat of the king of Jerusalem in Joshua 12:10 foreshadow the city's future significance in biblical history?

2. In what ways does the conquest of Hebron connect to God's promises to the patriarchs, and how can this encourage us in our faith journey?

3. What can we learn from Joshua's leadership in the conquest of these cities that applies to spiritual leadership today?

4. How does the concept of spiritual warfare in the New Testament relate to the physical battles described in Joshua 12?

5. Reflect on a promise from God that you are holding onto. How does the fulfillment of God's promises in Joshua encourage you to trust Him more fully?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 14
This chapter mentions Melchizedek, the king of Salem (Jerusalem), establishing the city's early significance and its connection to God's people.

2 Samuel 5
David conquers Jerusalem, making it the capital of Israel, which underscores the city's enduring importance in Israel's history.

Numbers 13
The spies sent by Moses explore Hebron, emphasizing its historical and spiritual significance as a land promised to the descendants of Abraham.