John 18:39

But it is your custom that I release to you one prisoner at the Passover. So then, do you want me to release to you the King of the Jews?"

Study Bible

But it is your custom
The word "custom" here refers to a practice or tradition that had become established among the Jewish people. The Greek word used is "ἔθος" (ethos), which implies a habitual practice or a norm. Historically, this custom of releasing a prisoner during Passover is not documented outside the Gospels, but it reflects the Roman practice of placating subjugated peoples by granting them certain privileges. This custom underscores the tension between Roman authority and Jewish tradition, highlighting the political and social dynamics at play during Jesus' trial.

that I release to you
The act of releasing a prisoner was a gesture of goodwill, a political maneuver by the Roman authorities to maintain peace and order during the volatile time of Passover. The Greek word "ἀπολύω" (apolyō) means to set free or release, indicating a formal act of liberation. This phrase emphasizes the power dynamics, with Pilate holding the authority to grant freedom, yet ironically, he is unable to recognize the true freedom that Jesus offers.

one prisoner
The mention of "one prisoner" highlights the singular focus of the crowd's choice, which becomes a pivotal moment in the Passion narrative. The choice between Jesus and Barabbas symbolizes the broader spiritual choice between the way of Christ and the way of the world. This decision reflects the human tendency to choose immediate, tangible solutions over spiritual truth and redemption.

at the Passover
Passover, or "Πάσχα" (Pascha) in Greek, is a significant Jewish festival commemorating the Israelites' liberation from Egyptian slavery. The timing of this event is crucial, as it parallels the liberation theme with Jesus' impending sacrifice. The Passover context underscores Jesus as the ultimate Passover Lamb, whose sacrifice brings true deliverance from sin and death.

So do you want me to release to you
Pilate's question is both rhetorical and probing, reflecting his attempt to navigate the political and social pressures he faces. The Greek construction here suggests a sense of offering or presenting a choice. Pilate's question reveals his ambivalence and the moral dilemma he faces, caught between justice and expediency.

the King of the Jews?
This title, "King of the Jews," is laden with irony and prophetic significance. In Greek, "βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων" (basileus tōn Ioudaiōn) is both a political charge and a profound truth. Pilate uses it mockingly, yet it affirms Jesus' true identity and mission. This title points to the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies regarding the Messiah, who would reign not just over Israel, but over all creation. The phrase challenges the hearers to recognize Jesus' kingship, which transcends earthly power and authority.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pontius Pilate
The Roman governor of Judea who presided over the trial of Jesus. He is depicted as a figure trying to navigate the political tensions between Roman authority and Jewish leadership.

2. Jesus Christ
Referred to here as "the King of the Jews," Jesus is the central figure of the New Testament, whose trial and crucifixion are pivotal events in Christian theology.

3. The Jewish Crowd
The group of people present at the trial, representing the Jewish populace who were given the choice to release a prisoner during Passover.

4. Passover
A significant Jewish festival commemorating the Israelites' exodus from Egypt. It is during this time that the custom of releasing a prisoner was observed.

5. Barabbas
Although not mentioned directly in this verse, Barabbas is the prisoner whom the crowd ultimately chooses to release instead of Jesus.

Teaching Points

Understanding Custom and Tradition
The custom of releasing a prisoner at Passover reflects the intersection of Roman and Jewish practices. Consider how traditions can influence decisions and the importance of discerning their impact on justice and truth.

The Irony of Choice
Pilate's offer to release "the King of the Jews" is laden with irony, as the true King is rejected in favor of a criminal. Reflect on how often humanity chooses wrongly, prioritizing immediate desires over eternal truths.

The Role of Authority
Pilate's struggle with the decision highlights the complexities of leadership and authority. Leaders must balance political pressures with moral integrity, a challenge that remains relevant today.

The Rejection of Jesus
The choice of Barabbas over Jesus symbolizes the broader rejection of Christ by the world. This serves as a reminder of the cost of discipleship and the call to stand firm in faith despite societal pressures.

The Fulfillment of Prophecy
This event fulfills Old Testament prophecies about the suffering Messiah. It encourages believers to trust in God's sovereign plan, even when circumstances seem unjust or confusing.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the custom of releasing a prisoner at Passover reflect the cultural and political dynamics of the time, and what can we learn from this about the influence of tradition on justice?

2. In what ways does Pilate's question, "Do you want me to release to you the King of the Jews?" reveal the irony of the situation, and how can this irony be seen in contemporary choices between worldly desires and spiritual truths?

3. How does Pilate's handling of Jesus' trial challenge us to consider the responsibilities and pressures faced by those in positions of authority today?

4. Reflect on the crowd's choice of Barabbas over Jesus. What does this decision teach us about human nature and the tendency to reject what is truly good and righteous?

5. How does this passage connect to the broader account of Jesus' fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, and how can this understanding strengthen our faith in God's sovereign plan?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 27:15-26
This passage provides a parallel account of the same event, offering additional details about Pilate's interaction with the crowd and the choice between Jesus and Barabbas.

Mark 15:6-15
Another synoptic account that highlights the custom of releasing a prisoner and the crowd's preference for Barabbas over Jesus.

Luke 23:13-25
Luke's account emphasizes Pilate's repeated attempts to release Jesus, underscoring the innocence of Jesus and the pressure from the crowd.

Acts 3:13-14
Peter's speech to the people of Israel, where he references the choice of Barabbas over Jesus, highlighting the rejection of the "Holy and Righteous One."