John 1:48

"How do You know me?" Nathanael asked. Jesus replied, "Before Philip called you, I saw you under the fig tree."

Study Bible

How do you know me?
This question posed by Nathanael reveals a sense of wonder and curiosity. The Greek word for "know" here is "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), which implies a deep, intimate understanding rather than mere acquaintance. Nathanael is astonished that Jesus possesses such insight into his life, suggesting that Jesus' knowledge transcends ordinary human perception. This moment foreshadows the divine omniscience of Christ, a theme that is recurrent throughout the Gospel of John.

Nathanael asked
Nathanael, also known as Bartholomew in the synoptic Gospels, is introduced here as a sincere seeker of truth. His character is often associated with honesty and integrity, as seen in Jesus' earlier description of him as "an Israelite indeed, in whom there is no deceit" (John 1:47). This encounter highlights Nathanael's openness to divine revelation and his willingness to engage with the miraculous.

Jesus replied
The response of Jesus is pivotal, as it demonstrates His divine authority and insight. The Greek word "ἀποκρίνομαι" (apokrinomai) used here for "replied" indicates a thoughtful and deliberate answer, emphasizing the intentionality behind Jesus' words. This interaction underscores the personal nature of Jesus' ministry, where He addresses individuals directly and meaningfully.

Before Philip called you
This phrase indicates Jesus' pre-existing knowledge of Nathanael, even before Philip's invitation. The use of "πρὸ" (pro) for "before" suggests a temporal precedence, highlighting Jesus' omnipresence and foreknowledge. It serves as a testament to His divine nature, as He is aware of events and individuals beyond the constraints of time and space.

I saw you
The verb "saw" in Greek is "εἶδον" (eidon), which can mean to see with the eyes or to perceive with the mind. In this context, it implies a supernatural vision, as Jesus perceives Nathanael's location and state of being without physical presence. This insight is a demonstration of Jesus' divine ability to see into the hearts and lives of individuals, affirming His role as the Son of God.

under the fig tree
The fig tree holds significant cultural and symbolic meaning in Jewish tradition. It is often associated with peace, prosperity, and spiritual contemplation. In rabbinic literature, sitting under a fig tree was a metaphor for meditating on the Scriptures. Thus, Nathanael's presence under the fig tree may suggest his devotion and search for truth. Jesus' mention of the fig tree not only confirms His supernatural knowledge but also acknowledges Nathanael's spiritual pursuits, further validating His messianic identity.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Nathanael
A disciple of Jesus, also known as Bartholomew in the Synoptic Gospels. He is known for his initial skepticism about Jesus being the Messiah.

2. Jesus
The central figure of the New Testament, believed by Christians to be the Son of God and the Messiah. In this passage, He demonstrates His divine knowledge.

3. Philip
One of Jesus' disciples who plays a role in bringing Nathanael to Jesus. He is known for his evangelistic efforts.

4. Fig Tree
A common tree in Israel, often symbolizing peace and prosperity. In this context, it is the place where Nathanael was seen by Jesus, indicating Jesus' omniscience.

5. Calling of the Disciples
This event is part of the larger account of Jesus calling His first disciples, establishing the foundation of His ministry.

Teaching Points

Divine Omniscience
Jesus' knowledge of Nathanael under the fig tree demonstrates His divine attribute of omniscience. This assures believers that Jesus knows us intimately and personally.

Skepticism to Faith
Nathanael's journey from skepticism to belief is a powerful example of how encountering Jesus can transform doubt into faith.

Personal Encounter with Jesus
Just as Nathanael had a personal encounter with Jesus, believers are encouraged to seek a personal relationship with Him, knowing that He sees and knows us.

Evangelism
Philip's role in bringing Nathanael to Jesus highlights the importance of personal evangelism and sharing the good news with others.

Symbolism of the Fig Tree
The fig tree can symbolize a place of reflection and prayer. Believers are encouraged to find their own "fig tree" moments to connect with God.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jesus' knowledge of Nathanael under the fig tree impact your understanding of His divine nature?

2. In what ways can Nathanael's initial skepticism and subsequent belief encourage you in your own faith journey?

3. How can you apply the example of Philip's evangelism in your own life to share the gospel with others?

4. Reflect on a time when you felt seen or known by God. How did that experience affect your relationship with Him?

5. What are some practical ways you can create "fig tree" moments in your daily life to deepen your connection with God?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Psalm 139
This Psalm speaks of God's omniscience and intimate knowledge of us, similar to how Jesus knew Nathanael.

Jeremiah 1:5
God’s knowledge of Jeremiah before his birth parallels Jesus’ knowledge of Nathanael, emphasizing divine foreknowledge.

Genesis 28:12
The account of Jacob's ladder is alluded to later in John 1, connecting Nathanael's experience to the revelation of Jesus as the bridge between heaven and earth.