Isaiah 52:12
For you will not leave in a hurry nor flee in haste, for the LORD goes before you, and the God of Israel is your rear guard.
For you will not leave in haste
The phrase "leave in haste" suggests a departure that is rushed and chaotic, reminiscent of the Israelites' hurried exodus from Egypt (Exodus 12:11). In Hebrew, the word for "haste" is "חִפָּזוֹן" (chippazon), which conveys a sense of urgency and disorder. Here, God promises a departure that is calm and orderly, reflecting His sovereign control and the peace that comes from trusting in His timing. This assurance is a reminder that God's deliverance is not only powerful but also perfectly timed, allowing His people to move forward with confidence and peace.

or go in flight
The phrase "go in flight" implies fleeing from danger or pursuing enemies. The Hebrew word "מָנוֹס" (manos) can mean to escape or flee. Historically, this evokes images of refugees or those escaping captivity, often under duress. However, God assures His people that their departure will not be one of fear or panic. This promise underscores the security and protection that God provides, allowing His people to move forward without fear of pursuit or harm.

for the LORD will go before you
The name "LORD" here is "יהוה" (Yahweh), the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal presence and faithfulness. The phrase "will go before you" suggests leadership and guidance. In the wilderness, God led the Israelites with a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night (Exodus 13:21). This imagery reassures believers that God Himself leads the way, preparing the path and ensuring safe passage. It is a call to trust in His guidance and to follow His lead with confidence.

and the God of Israel will be your rear guard
The term "God of Israel" highlights the special relationship between God and His chosen people, Israel. The phrase "will be your rear guard" uses military imagery, suggesting protection from behind. In ancient times, the rear guard was crucial in protecting an army from surprise attacks. This promise assures believers that God not only leads but also protects from behind, covering all vulnerabilities. It is a powerful reminder of God's comprehensive protection, ensuring that His people are safe from all sides as they journey forward in faith.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The LORD (Yahweh)
The covenant-keeping God of Israel, who promises to lead and protect His people.

2. Israel
The nation chosen by God, often representing God's people as a whole.

3. Exodus from Egypt
The historical event where God delivered the Israelites from slavery, which serves as a backdrop for understanding God's deliverance and protection.

4. Babylonian Captivity
The period of exile for the Israelites, from which God promises deliverance, paralleling the Exodus.

5. Prophet Isaiah
The author of the book, who conveys God's messages of judgment and hope to Israel.
Teaching Points
God's Guidance and Protection
Just as God led Israel out of Egypt, He leads us today. We can trust Him to guide our steps and protect us from behind.

No Need for Haste or Fear
The assurance that we do not need to flee in haste reflects God's control over our circumstances. We can move forward with confidence and peace.

God's Presence in Transition
Whether we are leaving a difficult situation or entering a new phase, God promises to be with us, both ahead and behind.

Spiritual Deliverance
This verse is a reminder of the spiritual deliverance we have in Christ, who goes before us and protects us from spiritual enemies.

Living with Assurance
As believers, we can live with the assurance that God is actively involved in our lives, providing both direction and protection.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does understanding the historical context of the Exodus and Babylonian Captivity enhance our understanding of Isaiah 52:12?

2. In what ways can we experience God's guidance and protection in our daily lives, as described in this verse?

3. How does the concept of God being our "rear guard" provide comfort in times of uncertainty or transition?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to ensure we are not acting in haste or fear, but rather trusting in God's timing and protection?

5. How can we apply the assurance of God's presence in Isaiah 52:12 to our understanding of spiritual warfare and the peace of God mentioned in Philippians 4:7?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 14
The Israelites' departure from Egypt, where God led them by a pillar of cloud and fire, illustrating His guidance and protection.

Isaiah 58:8
This verse also speaks of the LORD being the rear guard, emphasizing His protective presence.

Psalm 139
Highlights God's omnipresence and His ability to lead and protect His people wherever they go.

Philippians 4:7
Speaks of the peace of God guarding our hearts and minds, similar to the protective imagery in Isaiah 52:12.
God Our Guard and GuideS. Chadwick.Isaiah 52:12
Seemly and Unseemly HasteIsaiah 52:12
The Lord Shall Go Before YouJ. B. Brown, B.A.Isaiah 52:12
The Vanguard and Rereward of the ChurchIsaiah 52:12
The Vanguard and Rereward of the ChurchCharles Haddon Spurgeon Isaiah 52:12
The Redemption of JerusalemE. Johnson Isaiah 52:1-12
Expectation and AccomplishmentF. B. Meyer, B. A.Isaiah 52:8-12
Eye to EyeA. B. Davidson, D. D.Isaiah 52:8-12
Eye to EyeR. Macculloch.Isaiah 52:8-12
The Return from ExileF. B. Meyer, B.A.Isaiah 52:8-12
A Peremptory, Yet Encouraging CallJ. J. Goadby.Isaiah 52:11-12
All the Life for GodE. E. Marsh.Isaiah 52:11-12
Christian PilgrimageW. Clarkson Isaiah 52:11, 12
Marching OrdersA Maclaren, D.D.Isaiah 52:11-12
Spiritual ProgressJ. J. Goadby.Isaiah 52:11-12
The March Through, the Desert-World to the City of GodF. B. Meyer, B.A.Isaiah 52:11-12
People
Isaiah
Places
Egypt, Jerusalem, Zion
Topics
Flight, Fugitives, Gathering, Guard, Haste, Rear, Rear-guard, Rearward, Rear-ward, Rereward, Suddenly, Yea
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Isaiah 52:12

     5330   guard
     5527   shield
     5925   rashness

Isaiah 52:9-12

     6722   redemption, OT

Isaiah 52:12-13

     2411   cross, predictions

Library
Clean Carriers
'Be ye clean, that bear the vessels of the Lord.'--ISAIAH lii. 11. The context points to a great deliverance. It is a good example of the prophetical habit of casting prophecies of the future into the mould of the past. The features of the Exodus are repeated, but some of them are set aside. This deliverance, whatever it be, is to be after the pattern of that old story, but with very significant differences. Then, the departing Israelites had spoiled the Egyptians and come out, laden with silver
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Great Revival
Now, leaving the figure, which is a very great one, I would remind you that its meaning is fully carried out, whenever God is pleased to send a great revival of religion. My heart is glad within me this day, for I am the bearer of good tidings. My soul has been made exceedingly full of happiness, by the tidings of a great revival of religion throughout the United States. Some hundred years, or more, ago, it pleased the Lord to send one of the most marvellous religious awakenings that was ever known;
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 4: 1858

The Vanguard and Rereward of the Church
I shall first consider this as it respects the church of God; and then, in the second place, I shall endeavour to consider it as it respects us, as individual believers. May God comfort our hearts while considering this precious truth! I. First, consider THE WHOLE CHURCH OF GOD AS AN ARMY. Remember that part of the host have crossed the flood; a large part of the army are standing this day upon the hills of glory; having overcome and triumphed. As for the rear, it stretches far into the future; some
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 5: 1859

"Take My Yoke Upon You," &C.
Matt. xi. 29.--"Take my yoke upon you," &c. Christianity consists in a blessed exchange of yokes between Christ and a pious soul. He takes our uneasy yoke, and gives his easy yoke. The soul puts upon him that unsupportable yoke of transgressions, and takes from him the portable yoke of his commandments. Our burden was heavy, too heavy for angels, and much more for men. It would crush under it all the strength of the creatures, for who could endure the wrath of the Almighty? Or, "what could a man
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Jesus, the Great Object of Astonishment.
A COMMUNION ADDRESS AT MENTONE. "Behold, My Servant shall deal prudently, He shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high. As many were astonied at Thee; His visage was so marred more than any man, and His form more than the sons of men; so shall He sprinkle many nations; the kings shall shut their mouths at Him: for that which had not been told them shall they see; and that which they had not heard shall they consider."--Isaiah lii. 13-15. JESUS, THE GREAT OBJECT ASTONISHMENT. OUR Lord Jesus
Charles Hadden Spurgeon—Till He Come

If Then the Prophets Prophesied that the Son of God was to Appear Upon The...
If then the prophets prophesied that the Son of God was to appear upon the earth, and prophesied also where on the earth and how and in what manner He should make known His appearance, and all these prophecies the Lord took upon Himself; our faith in Him was well-founded, and the tradition of the preaching (is) true: that is to say, the testimony of the apostles, who being sent forth by the Lord preached in all the world the Son of God, who came to suffer, and endured to the destruction of death
Irenæus—The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching

Elucidations.
I. (Princes and kings, [154]p. 13.) How memorable the histories, moreover, of Nebuchadnezzar [1609] and his decrees; of Darius [1610] and his also; but especially of Cyrus and his great monumental edict! [1611] The beautiful narratives of the Queen of Sheba and of the Persian consort of Queen Esther (probably Xerxes) are also manifestations of the ways of Providence in giving light to the heathen world through that "nation of priests" in Israel. But Lactantius, who uses the Sibyls so freely, should
Lactantius—The divine institutes

That the Ruler Should be Pure in Thought.
The ruler should always be pure in thought, inasmuch as no impurity ought to pollute him who has undertaken the office of wiping away the stains of pollution in the hearts of others also; for the hand that would cleanse from dirt must needs be clean, lest, being itself sordid with clinging mire, it soil whatever it touches all the more. For on this account it is said through the prophet, Be ye clean that bear the vessels of the Lord (Isai. lii. 11). For they bear the vessels of the Lord who undertake,
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

The Awakening of Zion
'Awake, awake, put on strength, O arm of the Lord; awake, as in the ancient days, in the generations of old.'--ISAIAH li. 9. 'Awake, awake; put on thy strength, O Zion.'--ISAIAH lii. 1. Both these verses are, I think, to be regarded as spoken by one voice, that of the Servant of the Lord. His majestic figure, wrapped in a light veil of obscurity, fills the eye in all these later prophecies of Isaiah. It is sometimes clothed with divine power, sometimes girded with the towel of human weakness, sometimes
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Remaining Books of the Old Testament.
1. The divine authority of the Pentateuch having been established, it is not necessary to dwell at length on the historical books which follow. The events which they record are a natural and necessary sequel to the establishment of the theocracy, as given in the five books of Moses. The Pentateuch is occupied mainly with the founding of the theocracy; the following historical books describe the settlement of the Israelitish nation under this theocracy in the promised land, and its practical operation
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia.
Part I. History of the Councils. Reason why two Councils were called. Inconsistency and folly of calling any; and of the style of the Arian formularies; occasion of the Nicene Council; proceedings at Ariminum; Letter of the Council to Constantius; its decree. Proceedings at Seleucia; reflections on the conduct of the Arians. 1. Perhaps news has reached even yourselves concerning the Council, which is at this time the subject of general conversation; for letters both from the Emperor and the Prefects
Athanasius—Select Works and Letters or Athanasius

Place of Jesus in the History of the World.
The great event of the History of the world is the revolution by which the noblest portions of humanity have passed from the ancient religions, comprised under the vague name of Paganism, to a religion founded on the Divine Unity, the Trinity, and the Incarnation of the Son of God. It has taken nearly a thousand years to accomplish this conversion. The new religion had itself taken at least three hundred years in its formation. But the origin of the revolution in question with which we have to do
Ernest Renan—The Life of Jesus

Christ all and in All.
(Colossians iii. 11.) Christ is all to us that we make Him to be. I want to emphasize that word "all." Some men make Him to be "a root out of a dry ground," "without form or comeliness." He is nothing to them; they do not want Him. Some Christians have a very small Saviour, for they are not willing to receive Him fully, and let Him do great and mighty things for them. Others have a mighty Saviour, because they make Him to be great and mighty. If we would know what Christ wants to be to us, we
Dwight L. Moody—The Way to God and How to Find It

Bunsen's Biblical Researches.
When geologists began to ask whether changes in the earth's structure might be explained by causes still in operation, they did not disprove the possibility of great convulsions, but they lessened necessity for imagining them. So, if a theologian has his eyes opened to the Divine energy as continuous and omnipresent, he lessens the sharp contrast of epochs in Revelation, but need not assume that the stream has never varied in its flow. Devotion raises time present into the sacredness of the past;
Frederick Temple—Essays and Reviews: The Education of the World

The Gospel Message, Good Tidings
[As it is written] How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the Gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things! T he account which the Apostle Paul gives of his first reception among the Galatians (Galatians 4:15) , exemplifies the truth of this passage. He found them in a state of ignorance and misery; alienated from God, and enslaved to the blind and comfortless superstitions of idolatry. His preaching, accompanied with the power of the Holy Spirit, had a great and marvellous effect.
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 2

First Ministry in Judæa --John's Second Testimony.
(Judæa and Ænon.) ^D John III. 22-36. ^d 22 After these things came Jesus and his disciples into the land of Judæa [That is, he left Jerusalem, the capital of Judæa, and went into the rural districts thereof. We find him there again in John xi. and Luke xiii.-xviii. He gained disciples there, but of them we know but few, such as Mary, Martha, Lazarus, Simeon, and Judas Iscariot]; and there he tarried with them [It is not stated how long he tarried, but it may have been from
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Appendix viii. Rabbinic Traditions About Elijah, the Forerunner of the Messiah
To complete the evidence, presented in the text, as to the essential difference between the teaching of the ancient Synagogue about the Forerunner of the Messiah' and the history and mission of John the Baptist, as described in the New Testaments, we subjoin a full, though condensed, account of the earlier Rabbinic traditions about Elijah. Opinions differ as to the descent and birthplace of Elijah. According to some, he was from the land of Gilead (Bemid. R. 14), and of the tribe of Gad (Tanch. on
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

"For what the Law could not Do, in that it was Weak through the Flesh, God Sending his Own Son in the Likeness of Sinful Flesh,
Rom. viii. 3.--"For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin condemned sin in the flesh." For what purpose do we meet thus together? I would we knew it,--then it might be to some better purpose. In all other things we are rational, and do nothing of moment without some end and purpose. But, alas! in this matter of greatest moment, our going about divine ordinances, we have scarce any distinct or deliberate
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Covenanting Predicted in Prophecy.
The fact of Covenanting, under the Old Testament dispensations, being approved of God, gives a proof that it was proper then, which is accompanied by the voice of prophecy, affording evidence that even in periods then future it should no less be proper. The argument for the service that is afforded by prophecy is peculiar, and, though corresponding with evidence from other sources, is independent. Because that God willed to make known truth through his servants the prophets, we should receive it
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

How Christ is to be Made Use Of, as the Way, for Sanctification in General.
Having shown how a poor soul, lying under the burden of sin and wrath, is to make use of Jesus Christ for righteousness and justification, and so to make use of him, go out to him, and apply him, as "he is made of God to us righteousness," 1 Cor. i. 30, and that but briefly. This whole great business being more fully and satisfactorily handled, in that forementioned great, though small treatise, viz. "The Christian's Great Interest," we shall now come and show, how a believer or a justified soul
John Brown (of Wamphray)—Christ The Way, The Truth, and The Life

Isaiah
CHAPTERS I-XXXIX Isaiah is the most regal of the prophets. His words and thoughts are those of a man whose eyes had seen the King, vi. 5. The times in which he lived were big with political problems, which he met as a statesman who saw the large meaning of events, and as a prophet who read a divine purpose in history. Unlike his younger contemporary Micah, he was, in all probability, an aristocrat; and during his long ministry (740-701 B.C., possibly, but not probably later) he bore testimony, as
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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