Exodus 9:31

(Now the flax and barley were destroyed, since the barley was ripe and the flax was in bloom;

Study Bible

Now the flax and barley were destroyed
The phrase "flax and barley" refers to two significant crops in ancient Egypt. Flax was crucial for making linen, a fabric used for clothing and other textiles, while barley was a staple grain for food and brewing beer. The destruction of these crops by the hail plague represents a severe economic blow to Egypt, highlighting the power of God over the natural world and the futility of relying on earthly resources. The Hebrew word for "destroyed" (נָכָה, nakah) implies a complete and devastating blow, emphasizing the thoroughness of God's judgment against Egypt's defiance.

since the barley was ripe
The term "ripe" indicates that the barley had reached a stage of maturity, ready for harvest. This detail provides a chronological marker, placing the timing of this plague around late January to early February, which aligns with the agricultural cycle in ancient Egypt. The ripeness of the barley signifies the immediacy and impact of the plague, as it destroyed the crop just before it could be harvested, underscoring the precision of God's timing in executing judgment.

and the flax was in bloom
The phrase "in bloom" suggests that the flax was at a stage of flowering, a critical period for the plant's development. The Hebrew word for "bloom" (גִּבְעֹל, gibol) can also mean "bud" or "stalk," indicating the plant's vulnerability at this stage. The destruction of the flax in bloom symbolizes the interruption of growth and productivity, a metaphor for the spiritual barrenness of Egypt due to its resistance to God's will. This detail also serves to highlight the selective nature of the plagues, as God targets specific aspects of Egyptian life to demonstrate His sovereignty and compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
- The prophet and leader chosen by God to deliver the Israelites from Egyptian bondage. He is the central human figure in the account of the plagues.

2. Pharaoh
- The ruler of Egypt who hardened his heart against God’s command to let the Israelites go, leading to the plagues.

3. Egypt
- The land where the Israelites were enslaved and where the plagues, including the hail that destroyed the crops, took place.

4. The Plague of Hail
- The seventh plague sent by God upon Egypt, which destroyed the flax and barley crops, demonstrating God's power and judgment.

5. Flax and Barley
- Important crops in ancient Egypt, representing economic stability and sustenance, which were destroyed as a sign of God’s judgment.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty Over Nature
The destruction of the flax and barley demonstrates God's control over creation. He uses natural elements to fulfill His purposes and execute judgment.

The Hardness of Heart
Pharaoh's refusal to heed God's warnings through Moses shows the danger of a hardened heart. We must remain open to God's voice and responsive to His guidance.

Economic and Spiritual Dependence
The destruction of essential crops serves as a reminder of our dependence on God for both physical and spiritual sustenance. We should not place our trust solely in material wealth.

Judgment and Mercy
While the plagues were acts of judgment, they also served as opportunities for repentance. God's judgments are often accompanied by calls to return to Him.

The Importance of Obedience
The account encourages believers to obey God's commands promptly. Delayed obedience can lead to unnecessary suffering and loss.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the destruction of the flax and barley in Exodus 9:31 illustrate God's power and authority over creation?

2. In what ways can we see parallels between Pharaoh's hardened heart and attitudes in our own lives or society today?

3. How does the economic impact of the plague of hail in Egypt relate to our understanding of dependence on God for provision?

4. What lessons can we learn from the plagues about the relationship between divine judgment and mercy?

5. How can we apply the principle of obedience from this passage to our daily walk with God, especially when facing difficult circumstances?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 41
The account of Joseph interpreting Pharaoh's dreams about the seven years of plenty and famine, highlighting the importance of crops in Egypt's economy.

Joel 1
The prophet Joel describes a locust plague that devastates the land, drawing a parallel to the destruction of crops as a sign of divine judgment.

Revelation 16
The bowls of God's wrath, including hail, are poured out upon the earth, echoing the plagues of Egypt as a sign of end-times judgment.