Exodus 8:17
This they did, and when Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff and struck the dust of the earth, gnats came upon man and beast. All the dust of the earth turned into gnats throughout the land of Egypt.
They did this
This phrase refers to the obedience of Moses and Aaron to God's command. In the Hebrew context, obedience is a recurring theme, emphasizing the importance of following divine instructions. The act of doing as commanded is a testament to faith and trust in God's plan, a principle that resonates throughout the scriptures.

Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff
The staff is a symbol of authority and divine power. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a staff often represented leadership and guidance. Aaron's action of stretching out his hand signifies the human cooperation with divine will, illustrating how God uses human instruments to accomplish His purposes.

struck the dust of the earth
Dust, in Hebrew "aphar," is a symbol of creation and mortality, as seen in Genesis where man is formed from the dust. The act of striking the dust signifies a transformation from the ordinary to the extraordinary, highlighting God's power to bring about change and judgment using the simplest elements of creation.

gnats came upon man and beast
The Hebrew word for gnats, "ken," can also be translated as lice or small insects. This plague demonstrates God's control over nature and His ability to disrupt the daily life of the Egyptians. The infestation affected both man and beast, indicating a comprehensive judgment that left no part of Egyptian society untouched.

All the dust of the earth turned into gnats
This phrase underscores the totality of the plague. The transformation of dust into gnats throughout Egypt signifies a complete and overwhelming divine intervention. It serves as a reminder of God's omnipotence and the futility of resisting His will.

throughout the land of Egypt
The scope of the plague was nationwide, affecting the entire land of Egypt. This highlights the universal nature of God's judgment and serves as a warning to all who oppose His will. The historical context of Egypt as a powerful empire underscores the significance of God's ability to humble even the mightiest of nations.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Aaron
Brother of Moses and the first high priest of Israel. He acts as Moses' spokesperson and performs miracles by God's command.

2. Moses
The leader chosen by God to deliver the Israelites from Egyptian bondage. He communicates God's commands to Pharaoh.

3. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt who refuses to let the Israelites go, leading to a series of plagues as a demonstration of God's power.

4. Egypt
The land where the Israelites are enslaved. It becomes the stage for God's miraculous signs and wonders.

5. Gnats
The third plague sent by God upon Egypt. The Hebrew word for "gnats" can also be translated as "lice" or "mosquitoes," indicating a small, irritating insect.
Teaching Points
God's Sovereignty Over Creation
The transformation of dust into gnats demonstrates God's absolute control over nature. He can use the smallest elements of creation to fulfill His purposes.

Judgment and Mercy
The plagues serve as both judgment against Egypt and a call to repentance. God's actions are just, yet He provides opportunities for Pharaoh to relent.

The Power of Obedience
Aaron's obedience in stretching out his hand with the staff is a reminder of the power of following God's commands. Our actions, when aligned with God's will, can lead to significant outcomes.

Spiritual Warfare
The plagues can be seen as a spiritual battle between the God of Israel and the gods of Egypt. It reminds us of the spiritual battles we face and the assurance of victory through God's power.

The Hardness of Heart
Pharaoh's continued resistance despite the plagues highlights the danger of a hardened heart. It serves as a warning to remain open to God's voice and correction.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the transformation of dust into gnats illustrate God's power over creation, and how can this understanding impact our daily trust in Him?

2. In what ways does the plague of gnats serve as a warning against the hardness of heart, and how can we guard against this in our own lives?

3. How does the obedience of Aaron in this passage encourage us to act in faith, even when the task seems small or insignificant?

4. What parallels can we draw between the plagues in Egypt and the judgments described in Revelation, and how do these connections deepen our understanding of God's justice?

5. How can we apply the lessons of God's sovereignty and judgment from this passage to current events or personal challenges we face today?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 3:19
The curse of the ground after the fall of man, where dust is mentioned, connects to the transformation of dust into gnats, symbolizing judgment.

Psalm 105:31
This Psalm recounts the plagues of Egypt, including the plague of gnats, as a testament to God's power and faithfulness to His covenant.

Revelation 16:2
The plagues in Revelation echo the plagues of Egypt, showing God's continued judgment against sin and rebellion.
Three Plagues - Frogs, Lice, FliesJ. Orr Exodus 8:1-32
Dangerous DustSpurgeon, Charles HaddonExodus 8:16-19
LessonsG. Hughes, B. D.Exodus 8:16-19
The Limit of False ReligionG. F. Pentecost, D. D.Exodus 8:16-19
The Plague of LiceHomilistExodus 8:16-19
The Plague of LiceJ. S. Exell, M. A.Exodus 8:16-19
The Plague of LiceJ. Orr Exodus 8:16-19
The Third Plague - the Gnats: the Finger of GodD. Young Exodus 8:16-19
There is a Limit to the Divine MercyJ. Urquhart Exodus 8:16-19
People
Aaron, Egyptians, Moses, Pharaoh
Places
Egypt, Goshen, Nile River
Topics
Aaron, Animal, Animals, Beast, Changed, Dust, Egypt, Gnats, Ground, Insects, Lice, Rod, Smiteth, Smote, Staff, Stretched, Stretcheth, Stretching, Struck, Throughout, Touch
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Exodus 8:17

     8739   evil, examples of

Exodus 8:16-17

     4512   staff
     4843   plague

Exodus 8:16-18

     4660   insects

Exodus 8:16-19

     4185   sorcery and magic

Library
Mary, Future Mother of Jesus, visits Elisabeth, Future Mother of John the Baptist.
(in the Hill Country of Judæa, b.c. 5.) ^C Luke I. 39-56. ^c 39 And Mary arose in these days [within a week or two after the angel appeared to her] and went into the hill country [the district of Judah lying south of Jerusalem, of which the city of Hebron was the center] with haste [she fled to those whom God had inspired, so that they could understand her condition and know her innocence--to those who were as Joseph needed to be inspired, that he might understand--Matt. i. 18-25], into a city
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Blasphemous Accusations of the Jews.
(Galilee.) ^A Matt. XII. 22-37; ^B Mark III. 19-30; ^C Luke XI. 14-23. ^b 19 And he cometh into a house. [Whose house is not stated.] 20 And the multitude cometh together again [as on a previous occasion--Mark ii. 1], so that they could not so much as eat bread. [They could not sit down to a regular meal. A wonderful picture of the intense importunity of people and the corresponding eagerness of Jesus, who was as willing to do as they were to have done.] 21 And when his friends heard it, they went
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

He Does Battle for the Faith; He Restores Peace among those who were at Variance; He Takes in Hand to Build a Stone Church.
57. (32). There was a certain clerk in Lismore whose life, as it is said, was good, but his faith not so. He was a man of some knowledge in his own eyes, and dared to say that in the Eucharist there is only a sacrament and not the fact[718] of the sacrament, that is, mere sanctification and not the truth of the Body. On this subject he was often addressed by Malachy in secret, but in vain; and finally he was called before a public assembly, the laity however being excluded, in order that if it were
H. J. Lawlor—St. Bernard of Clairvaux's Life of St. Malachy of Armagh

Exodus
The book of Exodus--so named in the Greek version from the march of Israel out of Egypt--opens upon a scene of oppression very different from the prosperity and triumph in which Genesis had closed. Israel is being cruelly crushed by the new dynasty which has arisen in Egypt (i.) and the story of the book is the story of her redemption. Ultimately it is Israel's God that is her redeemer, but He operates largely by human means; and the first step is the preparation of a deliverer, Moses, whose parentage,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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