Exodus 31:5
to cut gemstones for settings, and to carve wood, so that he may be a master of every craft.
to cut gemstones for settings
This phrase highlights the skill and precision required in the ancient art of gemstone cutting. The Hebrew word for "cut" here is "ḥāraš," which implies engraving or crafting with expertise. In the context of the tabernacle, gemstones were not merely decorative; they held significant symbolic meaning, representing the tribes of Israel on the high priest's breastplate (Exodus 28:17-21). The meticulous work of cutting gemstones reflects the divine order and beauty that God desired for His dwelling place among His people. Historically, the art of gemstone cutting was a highly specialized skill, indicating that God endowed Bezalel with extraordinary talent and wisdom to fulfill this sacred task.

and to carve wood
The phrase "to carve wood" refers to the craftsmanship involved in shaping wood for the tabernacle's construction. The Hebrew word "ḥāraš" is again used here, emphasizing the skillful artistry required. Wood carving in the ancient Near East was a respected craft, often used in creating intricate designs for religious and royal purposes. The use of wood in the tabernacle, such as in the construction of the Ark of the Covenant and other furnishings, was essential for creating a portable yet majestic sanctuary. This phrase underscores the importance of using natural materials to honor God, reflecting His creation's beauty and diversity.

so that he may be a master of every craft
This phrase signifies the comprehensive skill set that Bezalel possessed, as endowed by God. The Hebrew word "mela'kāh" translates to "craft" or "workmanship," indicating a broad range of artistic and technical abilities. Being a "master" implies not only proficiency but also a deep understanding and wisdom in executing various crafts. This divine empowerment highlights the biblical principle that God equips individuals with the necessary skills to fulfill His purposes. In the broader scriptural context, this mastery serves as a reminder that all talents and abilities are gifts from God, meant to be used for His glory and the edification of His people. The phrase inspires believers to seek excellence in their God-given talents, recognizing that their work is an act of worship and service to the Creator.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Bezalel
A skilled craftsman chosen by God to oversee the construction of the Tabernacle. He is filled with the Spirit of God, granting him wisdom, understanding, and knowledge in all kinds of craftsmanship.

2. Tabernacle
The portable dwelling place for the presence of God among the Israelites during their journey through the wilderness. It is a central place of worship and sacrifice.

3. Mount Sinai
The location where God gives Moses the instructions for the Tabernacle and the Ten Commandments. It is a place of divine revelation and covenant.

4. Craftsmanship
The skill and artistry involved in creating the Tabernacle and its furnishings. This includes working with metals, stones, and wood.

5. Holy Spirit
The Spirit of God who empowers individuals like Bezalel with the skills and wisdom needed for specific tasks, highlighting the divine origin of their abilities.
Teaching Points
Divine Empowerment for Service
God equips individuals with specific skills and talents for His purposes. Recognize and use your God-given abilities to serve Him and others.

The Role of the Holy Spirit
Just as the Spirit filled Bezalel, believers today are empowered by the Holy Spirit to fulfill their God-given roles and responsibilities.

Value of Craftsmanship
The work of our hands, when done for God's glory, is valuable and significant. Whether in art, construction, or any other field, our work can be an act of worship.

Obedience in Detail
God cares about the details of our work and service. Like Bezalel, we should strive for excellence and faithfulness in all that we do.

Community and Collaboration
The construction of the Tabernacle required many skilled individuals working together. In the body of Christ, collaboration and unity are essential for accomplishing God's work.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the empowerment of Bezalel by the Holy Spirit in Exodus 31:5 relate to the spiritual gifts mentioned in 1 Corinthians 12?

2. In what ways can you identify and use your skills and talents for God's purposes in your current context?

3. How does the concept of divine craftsmanship in Exodus 31:5 challenge or affirm your view of work and creativity?

4. What role does the Holy Spirit play in your daily life and work, and how can you become more aware of His guidance?

5. How can the example of Bezalel and the construction of the Tabernacle inspire greater collaboration and unity within your church or community?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 1:1-2
The Spirit of God is present at creation, indicating that the same Spirit empowering Bezalel is involved in the creation of the world.

1 Kings 7:13-14
Hiram of Tyre, another craftsman filled with wisdom and understanding, is brought to work on Solomon's Temple, showing a continuity of God-given skill for sacred purposes.

1 Corinthians 12:4-11
The New Testament teaching on spiritual gifts, where the Holy Spirit distributes various gifts to believers for the common good, parallels the empowerment of Bezalel.
Bezaleel and AholiabJ. Orr Exodus 31:1-12
People
Aaron, Ahisamach, Aholiab, Bezaleel, Dan, Hur, Israelites, Moses, Uri
Places
Mount Sinai
Topics
Carving, Craft, Craftsmanship, Cutting, Engage, Form, Framing, Graving, Kinds, Manner, Setting, Settings, Stone, Stones, Timber, Wood, Woodwork, Workmanship
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Exodus 31:1-5

     3266   Holy Spirit, in creation
     4552   wood

Exodus 31:1-6

     4312   bronze
     5273   creativity
     7459   tabernacle, in OT

Exodus 31:1-7

     7306   ark of the covenant

Exodus 31:1-11

     5272   craftsmen

Exodus 31:2-5

     3257   Holy Spirit, gift of

Exodus 31:2-6

     3140   Holy Spirit, teacher
     5894   intelligence
     8365   wisdom, human

Exodus 31:2-11

     6641   election, responsibilities

Exodus 31:3-5

     3272   Holy Spirit, in OT

Exodus 31:3-6

     8437   giving, of talents

Library
The Flood-Tide of Power.
God's Highest Ideal. A flood-tide is a rising tide. It flows in and fills up and spreads out. Wherever it goes it cleanses and fertilizes and beautifies. For untold centuries Egypt has depended for its very life upon the yearly flood-tide of the Nile. The rich bottom lands of the Connecticut Valley are refertilized every spring by that river's flood-tide. The green beauty and rich fruitage of some parts of the Sacramento Valley, whose soil is flooded by the artificial irrigation-rivers, are in sharp
S.D. Gordon—Quiet Talks on Power

The True Manner of Keeping Holy the Lord's Day.
Now the sanctifying of the Sabbath consists in two things--First, In resting from all servile and common business pertaining to our natural life; Secondly, In consecrating that rest wholly to the service of God, and the use of those holy means which belong to our spiritual life. For the First. 1. The servile and common works from which we are to cease are, generally, all civil works, from the least to the greatest (Exod. xxxi. 12, 13, 15, &c.) More particularly-- First, From all the works of our
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

Appendix viii. Rabbinic Traditions About Elijah, the Forerunner of the Messiah
To complete the evidence, presented in the text, as to the essential difference between the teaching of the ancient Synagogue about the Forerunner of the Messiah' and the history and mission of John the Baptist, as described in the New Testaments, we subjoin a full, though condensed, account of the earlier Rabbinic traditions about Elijah. Opinions differ as to the descent and birthplace of Elijah. According to some, he was from the land of Gilead (Bemid. R. 14), and of the tribe of Gad (Tanch. on
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Gifts and Talents.
"And the Spirit of the Lord came upon him."--Judges iii. 10. We now consider the Holy Spirit's work in bestowing gifts, talents, and abilities upon artisans and professional men. Scripture declares that the special animation and qualification of persons for work assigned to them by God proceed from the Holy Spirit. The construction of the tabernacle required capable workmen, skilful carpenters, goldsmiths, and silversmiths, and masters in the arts of weaving and embroidering. Who will furnish Moses
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

Thy Name: My Name
'I have called thee by thy name.'--ISAIAH xliii. 1. 'Every one that is called by My name.'--ISAIAH xliii. 7. Great stress is laid on names in Scripture. These two parallel and antithetic clauses bring out striking complementary relations between God and the collective Israel. But they are as applicable to each individual member of the true Israel of God. I. What does God's calling a man by his name imply? 1. Intimate knowledge. Adam naming the creatures. Christ naming His disciples. 2. Loving friendship.
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Work of the Holy Spirit in Prophets and Apostles.
The work of the Holy Spirit in apostles and prophets is an entirely distinctive work. He imparts to apostles and prophets an especial gift for an especial purpose. We read in 1 Cor. xii. 4, 8-11, 28, 29, R. V., "Now there are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit.... For to one is given through the Spirit wisdom; and to another the word of knowledge, according to the same Spirit; to another faith, in the same Spirit; and to another gifts of healings, in the one Spirit; and to another workings
R. A. Torrey—The Person and Work of The Holy Spirit

Hiram, the Inspired Artificer
BY REV. W. J. TOWNSEND, D.D. The Temple of Solomon was the crown of art in the old world. There were temples on a larger scale, and of more massive construction, but the enormous masses of masonry of the oldest nations were not comparable with the artistic grace, the luxurious adornments, and the harmonious proportions of this glorious House of God. David had laid up money and material for the great work, but he was not permitted to carry it out. He was a man of war, and blood-stained hands were
George Milligan—Men of the Bible; Some Lesser-Known

That Whereas the City of Jerusalem had Been Five Times Taken Formerly, this was the Second Time of Its Desolation. A Brief Account of Its History.
1. And thus was Jerusalem taken, in the second year of the reign of Vespasian, on the eighth day of the month Gorpeius [Elul]. It had been taken five [34] times before, though this was the second time of its desolation; for Shishak, the king of Egypt, and after him Antiochus, and after him Pompey, and after them Sosius and Herod, took the city, but still preserved it; but before all these, the king of Babylon conquered it, and made it desolate, one thousand four hundred and sixty-eight years and
Flavius Josephus—The Wars of the Jews or History of the Destruction of Jerusalem

Questions About the Nature and Perpetuity of the Seventh-Day Sabbath.
AND PROOF, THAT THE FIRST DAY OF THE WEEK IS THE TRUE CHRISTIAN SABBATH. BY JOHN BUNYAN. 'The Son of man is lord also of the Sabbath day.' London: Printed for Nath, Ponder, at the Peacock in the Poultry, 1685. EDITOR'S ADVERTISEMENT. All our inquiries into divine commands are required to be made personally, solemnly, prayerful. To 'prove all things,' and 'hold fast' and obey 'that which is good,' is a precept, equally binding upon the clown, as it is upon the philosopher. Satisfied from our observations
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

The Development of the Earlier Old Testament Laws
[Sidenote: First the principle, and then the detailed laws] If the canon of the New Testament had remained open as long as did that of the Old, there is little doubt that it also would have contained many laws, legal precedents, and ecclesiastical histories. From the writings of the Church Fathers and the records of the Catholic Church it is possible to conjecture what these in general would have been. The early history of Christianity illustrates the universal fact that the broad principles are
Charles Foster Kent—The Origin & Permanent Value of the Old Testament

The Preface to the Commandments
And God spake all these words, saying, I am the LORD thy God,' &c. Exod 20: 1, 2. What is the preface to the Ten Commandments? The preface to the Ten Commandments is, I am the Lord thy God.' The preface to the preface is, God spake all these words, saying,' &c. This is like the sounding of a trumpet before a solemn proclamation. Other parts of the Bible are said to be uttered by the mouth of the holy prophets (Luke 1: 70), but here God spake in his own person. How are we to understand that, God spake,
Thomas Watson—The Ten Commandments

Exposition of the Moral Law.
1. The Law was committed to writing, in order that it might teach more fully and perfectly that knowledge, both of God and of ourselves, which the law of nature teaches meagrely and obscurely. Proof of this, from an enumeration of the principal parts of the Moral Law; and also from the dictate of natural law, written on the hearts of all, and, in a manner, effaced by sin. 2. Certain general maxims. 1. From the knowledge of God, furnished by the Law, we learn that God is our Father and Ruler. Righteousness
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Jesus Heals on the Sabbath Day and Defends his Act.
(at Feast-Time at Jerusalem, Probably the Passover.) ^D John V. 1-47. ^d 1 After these things there was a feast of the Jews; and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. [Though every feast in the Jewish calendar has found some one to advocate its claim to be this unnamed feast, yet the vast majority of commentators choose either the feast of Purim, which came in March, or the Passover, which came in April. Older commentators pretty unanimously regarded it as the Passover, while the later school favor the feast
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Blasphemous Accusations of the Jews.
(Galilee.) ^A Matt. XII. 22-37; ^B Mark III. 19-30; ^C Luke XI. 14-23. ^b 19 And he cometh into a house. [Whose house is not stated.] 20 And the multitude cometh together again [as on a previous occasion--Mark ii. 1], so that they could not so much as eat bread. [They could not sit down to a regular meal. A wonderful picture of the intense importunity of people and the corresponding eagerness of Jesus, who was as willing to do as they were to have done.] 21 And when his friends heard it, they went
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Of the Trinity and a Christian, and of the Law and a Christian.
EDITOR'S ADVERTISEMENT. These two short treatises were found among Mr. Bunyan's papers after his decease. They probably were intended for publication, like his 'Prison Meditations' and his 'Map of Salvation,' on a single page each, in the form of a broadside, or handbill. This was the popular mode in which tracts were distributed; and when posted against a wall, or framed and hung up in a room, they excited notice, and were extensively read. They might also have afforded some trifling profit to aid
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

Exodus
The book of Exodus--so named in the Greek version from the march of Israel out of Egypt--opens upon a scene of oppression very different from the prosperity and triumph in which Genesis had closed. Israel is being cruelly crushed by the new dynasty which has arisen in Egypt (i.) and the story of the book is the story of her redemption. Ultimately it is Israel's God that is her redeemer, but He operates largely by human means; and the first step is the preparation of a deliverer, Moses, whose parentage,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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