Exodus 21:17

Anyone who curses his father or mother must surely be put to death.

Study Bible

Whoever curses
The phrase "whoever curses" in Hebrew is "מקלל" (maqalel), which implies a severe form of disrespect or reviling. In the ancient Near Eastern context, words held significant power, and to curse one's parents was not merely to speak harshly but to invoke harm or wish evil upon them. This reflects the gravity with which familial relationships were regarded in Israelite society, emphasizing the importance of honoring one's parents as foundational to community and covenant life.

his father or mother
The mention of "his father or mother" underscores the dual respect required for both parents, reflecting the biblical commandment to "Honor your father and your mother" (Exodus 20:12). In the patriarchal society of ancient Israel, the family was the primary unit of social and religious life. Parents were seen as representatives of God's authority, and thus, cursing them was akin to rebelling against God's established order. This phrase highlights the equal importance of both paternal and maternal figures in the upbringing and spiritual formation of children.

must surely be put to death
The phrase "must surely be put to death" is a translation of the Hebrew "מות יומת" (mot yumat), a legal formula indicating the seriousness of the offense. This severe penalty reflects the covenantal nature of Israel's law, where maintaining holiness and order within the community was paramount. The death penalty for cursing parents underscores the sacredness of the family unit and the necessity of upholding respect and honor within it. While this may seem harsh by modern standards, it serves as a stark reminder of the weight of our words and the profound respect required in familial relationships. In a broader theological context, it points to the ultimate consequence of sin and the need for redemption, which is fulfilled in the New Testament through Christ's atoning sacrifice.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The prophet and leader of the Israelites who received the Law from God on Mount Sinai, including the commandments found in Exodus 21.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were given the Law to guide their conduct and relationship with God and each other.

3. Mount Sinai
The place where God delivered the Law to Moses, including the civil and moral laws for the Israelite community.

4. God
The divine lawgiver who established the covenant with Israel and provided the commandments to maintain order and holiness among His people.

Teaching Points

The Sanctity of Family Relationships
The commandment underscores the importance of family and the respect due to parents as foundational to societal stability and personal holiness.

The Seriousness of Words
Words have power, and cursing one's parents is seen as a grave offense. This teaches us to be mindful of our speech and the respect we owe to those in authority.

The Role of the Law
The harsh penalty reflects the Law's role in maintaining order and holiness among God's people. It points to the need for a heart transformation, which is fulfilled in Christ.

Respect and Authority
This commandment teaches the broader principle of respecting authority, which is applicable in various aspects of life, including workplaces, churches, and governments.

The Need for Grace
While the Law shows the standard of holiness, it also reveals humanity's need for grace and redemption through Jesus Christ, who fulfills the Law on our behalf.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the commandment in Exodus 21:17 reflect the broader biblical principle of honoring one's parents?

2. In what ways does the New Testament affirm or expand upon the commandment to honor one's parents?

3. How can we apply the principle of respecting authority in our modern context, beyond just the family unit?

4. What does this commandment teach us about the power of words and the importance of how we speak to and about others?

5. How does understanding the severity of the Law in the Old Testament help us appreciate the grace offered through Jesus Christ?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 20:9
Reinforces the commandment by stating that anyone who curses their father or mother shall be put to death, emphasizing the seriousness of honoring one's parents.

Deuteronomy 5:16
Part of the Ten Commandments, it instructs to honor one's father and mother, promising a long life in the land God gives.

Proverbs 20:20
Warns that whoever curses their father or mother will have their lamp extinguished in deep darkness, highlighting the spiritual consequences of such actions.

Matthew 15:4
Jesus references this commandment, affirming its importance and condemning those who nullify God's word for the sake of tradition.