Deuteronomy 5:21

You shall not covet your neighbor's wife. You shall not covet your neighbor's house or field, or his manservant or maidservant, or his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor."

Study Bible

You shall not covet
The Hebrew word for "covet" is "חָמַד" (chamad), which means to desire or take pleasure in. This commandment addresses the internal attitude of the heart, emphasizing that sin begins with our thoughts and desires. In a conservative Christian perspective, this highlights the importance of guarding one's heart and mind against sinful desires, as they can lead to actions that violate God's commandments.

your neighbor’s wife
The mention of "neighbor’s wife" underscores the sanctity of marriage and the importance of respecting the marital bond. In ancient Israel, as in many cultures, the family unit was foundational to society. This commandment protects the integrity of marriage and family, reminding believers to honor and uphold these sacred relationships.

You shall not desire
The Hebrew word "אָוָה" (avah) is used here, which also means to long for or crave. This repetition of the prohibition against coveting emphasizes the seriousness of unchecked desires. It serves as a reminder that contentment and gratitude are virtues that believers should cultivate, trusting in God's provision.

your neighbor’s house
In the ancient context, a "house" was not just a physical structure but represented one's household, including family and possessions. This commandment calls for respect for others' property and well-being, promoting a community where individuals are content with what God has given them.

his field
Fields were vital for sustenance and economic stability in ancient agrarian societies. By including "field," the commandment acknowledges the importance of respecting others' means of livelihood. It encourages believers to trust in God's provision for their own needs rather than envying others' prosperity.

or his manservant or maidservant
Servants were considered part of a household's assets and were integral to its functioning. This commandment extends the prohibition of coveting to include people, emphasizing the value and dignity of every individual. It calls believers to respect the roles and contributions of others without envy.

his ox or donkey
Oxen and donkeys were essential for agricultural work and transportation. By mentioning these animals, the commandment highlights the importance of respecting others' tools and resources. It encourages believers to be content with their own possessions and to avoid coveting what belongs to others.

or anything that belongs to your neighbor
This phrase serves as a comprehensive summary, covering all aspects of covetousness. It reinforces the idea that believers should cultivate a heart of contentment and gratitude, recognizing that everything they have is a gift from God. It calls for a community where love and respect for one another prevail, reflecting the character of God in their relationships.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who delivered God's commandments to the people. He is the central figure in the book of Deuteronomy, acting as a mediator between God and Israel.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were receiving the Law as they prepared to enter the Promised Land. They are the direct audience of the commandments.

3. Mount Sinai (Horeb)
The place where God originally gave the Ten Commandments to Moses. Deuteronomy recounts these events as a reminder to the Israelites.

4. Promised Land
The land of Canaan, which God promised to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The commandments were given to guide the Israelites in their new life there.

5. Neighbor
Represents fellow members of the community, emphasizing the importance of relationships and respect within the society.

Teaching Points

Understanding Covetousness
Coveting is more than just wanting something; it is an intense, unhealthy desire that can lead to sin. It begins in the heart and can disrupt our relationship with God and others.

Contentment as a Virtue
Cultivating contentment is essential for a godly life. By focusing on what God has provided and trusting in His provision, we can overcome the temptation to covet.

Guarding the Heart
The commandment against coveting calls us to examine our hearts and motives. We must be vigilant in guarding our hearts against envy and greed.

Community and Respect
Respecting others' possessions and relationships is crucial for maintaining harmony within the community. Coveting can lead to actions that harm others and disrupt social order.

Spiritual Fulfillment
True fulfillment comes from a relationship with God, not from material possessions or status. Seeking God first aligns our desires with His will.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the original Hebrew word for "covet" (chamad) deepen our comprehension of this commandment?

2. In what ways can coveting manifest in our modern lives, and how can we guard against it?

3. How does the teaching of contentment in Philippians 4:11-13 provide a practical solution to the problem of coveting?

4. Reflect on a time when coveting led to conflict in your life or community. How could the situation have been handled differently with a biblical perspective?

5. How can we encourage a culture of gratitude and contentment within our families and church communities to combat the spirit of coveting?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 20:17
This verse is the parallel account of the Tenth Commandment, reinforcing the prohibition against coveting.

James 4:1-3
Discusses the destructive nature of coveting and how it leads to conflicts and unfulfilled desires, highlighting the internal struggle that coveting creates.

Philippians 4:11-13
Paul speaks about contentment, which is the antidote to coveting, showing how reliance on Christ can fulfill our needs.

1 Timothy 6:6-10
Warns against the love of money and material possessions, which can lead to coveting and spiritual ruin.