Deuteronomy 19:2

then you are to set apart for yourselves three cities within the land that the LORD your God is giving you to possess.

Study Bible

you are to set apart
The phrase "you are to set apart" in Deuteronomy 19:2 emphasizes the act of consecration and dedication. In Hebrew, the word used here is "יַבְדִּיל" (yavdil), which means to separate or distinguish. This action is not merely a physical separation but a spiritual and communal one, indicating a divine purpose. The Israelites were to distinguish certain cities as places of refuge, highlighting God's provision for justice and mercy. This act of setting apart reflects the broader biblical theme of holiness, where God calls His people to be distinct and dedicated to His purposes.

three cities
The specification of "three cities" is significant in the context of ancient Israel. These cities were strategically located to be accessible to all the tribes, ensuring that justice and mercy were available to everyone. The number three often symbolizes completeness and divine perfection in the Bible. Historically, these cities served as a refuge for those who committed manslaughter unintentionally, providing a place of safety from the avenger of blood. This system underscores the importance of justice tempered with mercy, a recurring theme throughout Scripture.

within the land
The phrase "within the land" refers to the Promised Land, the inheritance given by God to the Israelites. This land was not just a physical territory but a place where God's laws and presence were to be established. The setting apart of cities within this land signifies the integration of divine justice into the daily life of the nation. It reminds the Israelites that their societal structures were to reflect God's character and commandments, serving as a model for righteousness and community living.

the LORD your God
This phrase, "the LORD your God," is a covenantal term that emphasizes the personal relationship between God and the Israelites. The use of "LORD" (YHWH) is the sacred name of God, denoting His eternal, self-existent nature. It is a reminder of the covenant established at Sinai, where God declared Himself to be their God and they His people. This relationship is foundational to understanding the laws and instructions given in Deuteronomy, as they are not merely legalistic requirements but expressions of a covenantal bond.

is giving you to possess
The phrase "is giving you to possess" highlights the divine initiative and generosity of God. The land is a gift from God, not something earned by the Israelites. This underscores the grace of God in providing for His people. The concept of possession here is not just about ownership but stewardship. The Israelites were to manage the land according to God's laws, reflecting His justice and righteousness. This divine gift comes with the responsibility to uphold God's standards and to create a society that mirrors His holiness and compassion.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Deuteronomy, who is delivering God's laws and instructions to the Israelites.

2. The Israelites
The chosen people of God, who are preparing to enter the Promised Land.

3. The Promised Land
The land that God promised to Abraham and his descendants, which the Israelites are about to possess.

4. Cities of Refuge
These are the three cities that are to be set apart as places of asylum for those who have committed unintentional manslaughter.

5. The LORD (Yahweh)
The covenant God of Israel, who is giving the land and establishing laws for His people.

Teaching Points

God's Provision for Justice and Mercy
The cities of refuge illustrate God's balance of justice and mercy, providing a way to protect the innocent while upholding the law.

The Importance of Obedience
Setting apart these cities was a command from God, emphasizing the importance of obedience to His instructions for the well-being of the community.

Spiritual Refuge in Christ
Just as the cities provided physical safety, Christ offers spiritual refuge and salvation for those who seek Him.

Community Responsibility
The establishment of these cities highlights the responsibility of the community to protect and provide for one another, especially the vulnerable.

Preparation and Planning
The command to set apart cities before entering the land teaches the importance of preparation and planning in accordance with God's will.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does the establishment of cities of refuge reveal about God's character in terms of justice and mercy?

2. How can the concept of a city of refuge be applied to our understanding of Christ as our spiritual refuge?

3. In what ways does the command to set apart cities of refuge demonstrate the importance of community responsibility?

4. How does the idea of preparation and planning in Deuteronomy 19:2 apply to our personal and spiritual lives today?

5. What are some modern-day equivalents to the cities of refuge, and how can we as Christians support these initiatives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 35
Provides detailed instructions about the cities of refuge, including their purpose and the laws governing them.

Joshua 20
Describes the actual implementation of the cities of refuge once the Israelites have entered the Promised Land.

Hebrews 6
Discusses the concept of refuge in a spiritual sense, relating it to the hope we have in Christ.

Psalm 46
Speaks of God as our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble, which parallels the physical refuge provided by these cities.