Deuteronomy 19:15

A lone witness is not sufficient to establish any wrongdoing or sin against a man, regardless of what offense he may have committed. A matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.

Study Bible

A lone witness is not sufficient to establish any wrongdoing or sin against a man
This phrase emphasizes the importance of multiple witnesses in establishing the truth of an accusation. In the ancient Near Eastern context, where written records were scarce, oral testimony was crucial. The requirement for more than one witness served as a safeguard against false accusations and miscarriages of justice. This principle is echoed in other parts of Scripture, such as in Numbers 35:30 and Matthew 18:16, underscoring its enduring significance. It reflects God's justice, ensuring that accusations are substantiated and not based on hearsay or personal vendettas.

regardless of what offense he may have committed
This clause highlights the impartiality of the law. It applies universally, without exception, to all offenses, whether minor or severe. This universality underscores the fairness and consistency of God's law, ensuring that all individuals are treated equally under the law. It also reflects the seriousness with which God views justice, as even the smallest accusation requires proper validation.

A matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses
This requirement for two or three witnesses is a recurring biblical theme, seen in both the Old and New Testaments. It is a principle that Jesus Himself references in Matthew 18:16 when discussing church discipline. The number "two or three" is significant, as it provides a balance between sufficient evidence and practical feasibility. This principle also prefigures the communal aspect of the Church, where decisions and judgments are made collectively, reflecting the unity and accountability within the body of Christ. The insistence on multiple witnesses serves as a type of Christ's own trial, where false witnesses could not agree, highlighting the integrity and truth of His mission.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Deuteronomy, who is delivering God's laws to the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The audience receiving the law, God's chosen people, who are preparing to enter the Promised Land.

3. Promised Land
The land of Canaan, which the Israelites are about to enter and where these laws will be applied.

4. Judicial System
The context in which this law is given, focusing on justice and fairness in legal proceedings.

5. Witnesses
Individuals who provide testimony in legal matters, crucial for establishing truth and justice.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Justice
God's law emphasizes fairness and justice, ensuring that accusations are substantiated by multiple witnesses to prevent false testimony and wrongful punishment.

The Role of Community
The requirement for multiple witnesses highlights the communal aspect of justice, where the community plays a role in establishing truth and maintaining order.

Guarding Against False Accusations
This principle serves as a safeguard against false accusations, protecting individuals from being wrongfully condemned based on insufficient evidence.

Application in Church Discipline
The New Testament application of this principle in church discipline underscores its continued relevance, ensuring that accusations are handled with integrity and fairness.

Encouragement for Integrity
Believers are encouraged to live with integrity, knowing that truth is established through reliable testimony and that God values honesty and justice.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the requirement for two or three witnesses in Deuteronomy 19:15 reflect God's character and His desire for justice?

2. In what ways can this principle be applied in modern legal systems and church governance to ensure fairness and prevent false accusations?

3. How does the New Testament use of this principle in Matthew 18:16 and 1 Timothy 5:19 demonstrate its continued importance for believers today?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to ensure that we are living with integrity and honesty in our personal and communal lives?

5. How can understanding the communal aspect of justice in Deuteronomy 19:15 help us build stronger, more accountable relationships within our church communities?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 18:16
Jesus references this principle when instructing on how to handle sin within the church, emphasizing the need for multiple witnesses.

2 Corinthians 13:1
Paul reiterates this principle, applying it to the confirmation of his own teachings and authority.

1 Timothy 5:19
Paul advises Timothy not to entertain accusations against an elder unless supported by two or three witnesses, reflecting the importance of this principle in church leadership.