2 John 1:11

Whoever greets such a person shares in his evil deeds.

Study Bible

Whoever greets him
The phrase "whoever greets him" in the original Greek is "ὁ λέγων αὐτῷ χαίρειν" (ho legōn autō chairein). The word "χαίρειν" (chairein) is a common Greek greeting, akin to saying "rejoice" or "be glad." In the context of the early church, greeting someone was not merely a casual acknowledgment but a sign of fellowship and acceptance. Historically, the early Christian communities were tightly knit, and a greeting signified a shared belief and mutual support. Thus, John warns against extending such a greeting to false teachers, as it implies endorsement of their teachings.

shares in
The Greek word for "shares in" is "κοινωνεῖ" (koinōnei), which is derived from "κοινωνία" (koinonia), meaning fellowship or partnership. This term is rich in theological significance, often used in the New Testament to describe the intimate spiritual communion among believers and with Christ. By using this word, John emphasizes that greeting a false teacher is not a neutral act but one that involves a deeper spiritual complicity. It suggests that by offering a greeting, one becomes a participant in the false teacher's mission and message.

his evil deeds
The phrase "his evil deeds" refers to the actions and teachings of the false teacher. The Greek word for "evil" is "πονηροῖς" (ponērois), which conveys not just moral evil but also a malignancy that corrupts and spreads. In the historical context of the early church, false teachings were seen as a grave threat to the purity of the Gospel and the unity of the church. The "deeds" (ἔργοις, ergois) here are not just actions but encompass the entire scope of the false teacher's influence, including their doctrine and the resulting division and confusion within the church. John's warning is a call to vigilance, urging believers to protect the integrity of their faith by not associating with those who distort the truth.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Elder (John)
The author of the letter, traditionally understood to be the Apostle John, who is writing to warn against false teachers.

2. The Elect Lady and Her Children
The recipients of the letter, possibly a specific church or a prominent Christian woman and her family.

3. False Teachers
Individuals who were spreading heretical teachings contrary to the doctrine of Christ.

4. The Church
The broader Christian community that is being warned to remain vigilant against false teachings.

5. The Doctrine of Christ
The core teachings about Jesus Christ, which are being defended against distortion.

Teaching Points

Guard Against False Teachings
Believers must be vigilant in discerning truth from error, ensuring that they do not support or endorse teachings that contradict the doctrine of Christ.

The Importance of Doctrine
Understanding and adhering to sound doctrine is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the faith and protecting the church from deception.

The Consequences of Association
Associating with or endorsing false teachers can lead to complicity in their wicked works, highlighting the need for careful discernment in relationships and partnerships.

Community Responsibility
The church community has a collective responsibility to uphold truth and protect its members from harmful influences.

Practical Discernment
Believers should cultivate a habit of testing teachings and influences against the Word of God, seeking wisdom and guidance through prayer and study.

Bible Study Questions

1. How can we identify false teachings in our current cultural context, and what steps can we take to guard against them?

2. In what ways can associating with false teachers impact our personal faith and the broader church community?

3. How does the concept of "sharing in wicked works" apply to our modern interactions, both online and offline?

4. What role does sound doctrine play in your personal spiritual growth and in the life of your church?

5. How can we encourage and support one another in maintaining vigilance against false teachings while promoting unity and love within the church?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 John 4:1-3
This passage warns believers to test the spirits to see whether they are from God, as many false prophets have gone out into the world.

2 Corinthians 6:14-18
Paul advises believers not to be unequally yoked with unbelievers, emphasizing the importance of separating from those who practice wickedness.

Matthew 7:15-20
Jesus warns about false prophets, describing them as wolves in sheep's clothing, and instructs believers to recognize them by their fruits.