1 Samuel 23:2

So David inquired of the LORD, "Should I go and attack these Philistines?" And the LORD said to David, "Go and attack the Philistines and save Keilah."

Study Bible

So David inquired of the LORD
This phrase highlights David's consistent practice of seeking divine guidance before making significant decisions. The Hebrew root for "inquired" is "שָׁאַל" (sha'al), which means to ask or consult. This reflects a deep reliance on God, contrasting with Saul's impulsive actions. David's inquiry signifies a heart aligned with God's will, emphasizing the importance of prayer and seeking God's direction in our lives.

Shall I go and attack these Philistines?
David's question is direct and specific, showing his concern for the people of Keilah and his role as a leader. The Philistines were a constant threat to Israel, and David's willingness to confront them demonstrates his courage and responsibility. Historically, the Philistines were a formidable enemy, often oppressing the Israelites. David's inquiry shows his strategic mindset and his desire to act in accordance with God's plan.

And the LORD said to David
This phrase underscores the personal relationship between David and God. The Hebrew word for "said" is "אָמַר" (amar), indicating a direct communication from God. This divine response highlights God's active involvement in the lives of His chosen leaders. It reassures believers that God listens and responds to those who earnestly seek Him, providing guidance and assurance in times of uncertainty.

Go and attack the Philistines
God's command to "go" is a call to action, reflecting His approval and support for David's mission. The directive to "attack" the Philistines indicates God's intention to deliver His people from oppression. This command aligns with God's covenant promises to protect and preserve Israel. It serves as a reminder that God empowers His people to confront challenges and overcome adversaries through His strength.

and save Keilah
The mention of "Keilah" highlights the specific objective of David's mission. Keilah was a town in Judah, and its salvation was crucial for the security of the region. The Hebrew root for "save" is "יָשַׁע" (yasha), meaning to deliver or rescue. This reflects God's desire to protect His people and preserve their inheritance. David's obedience to God's command results in the deliverance of Keilah, illustrating the blessings of following God's guidance and the impact of righteous leadership.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The anointed future king of Israel, known for his deep relationship with God and his leadership qualities. At this point, he is not yet king and is on the run from King Saul.

2. The LORD
The covenant name of God, Yahweh, who guides and directs David through his inquiries.

3. Philistines
A recurring enemy of Israel, known for their military strength and opposition to the Israelites.

4. Keilah
A town in Judah that was under threat from the Philistines, prompting David to seek God's guidance on whether to intervene.

5. Inquiry of the LORD
David's practice of seeking God's will before making decisions, demonstrating his dependence on divine guidance.

Teaching Points

Seeking Divine Guidance
David's inquiry of the LORD highlights the importance of seeking God's direction in our decisions. As believers, we should prioritize prayer and scripture to discern God's will.

Courage to Act
Once David received God's command, he acted with courage. We are called to act on God's guidance with faith and boldness, trusting in His plan.

Dependence on God
David's reliance on God rather than his own strength or wisdom is a model for us. We should cultivate a habit of turning to God first in every situation.

God's Faithfulness
God's response to David assures us of His faithfulness to guide and protect those who seek Him. We can trust that God will lead us when we earnestly seek His will.

Spiritual Leadership
David's leadership is marked by his spiritual sensitivity and obedience. As leaders in various capacities, we should emulate his example by prioritizing spiritual discernment.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's practice of inquiring of the LORD challenge or inspire your own decision-making process?

2. In what ways can you cultivate a habit of seeking God's guidance in your daily life?

3. How does the account of David and the Philistines at Keilah encourage you to act courageously in the face of challenges?

4. Reflect on a time when you sought God's guidance and received a clear direction. How did that experience impact your faith?

5. How can the principles from 1 Samuel 23:2 be applied to leadership roles within your community or church?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 30:8
David again inquires of the LORD, showing a consistent pattern of seeking God's guidance in times of crisis.

Proverbs 3:5-6
Encourages believers to trust in the LORD with all their heart and not lean on their own understanding, similar to David's approach.

James 1:5
Promises wisdom to those who ask God, reflecting David's reliance on divine wisdom for decision-making.