1 Samuel 23:2

So David inquired of the LORD, "Should I go and attack these Philistines?" And the LORD said to David, "Go and attack the Philistines and save Keilah."

Study Bible

So David inquired of the LORD
David's practice of seeking God's guidance is a recurring theme in his life, demonstrating his reliance on divine wisdom rather than his own understanding. This inquiry reflects the biblical principle found in Proverbs 3:5-6, which encourages trust in the Lord for direction. David's approach contrasts with Saul, who often acted impulsively without seeking God's counsel. The use of the ephod, a priestly garment, and the presence of Abiathar the priest (1 Samuel 23:6) suggest that David sought God's will through the Urim and Thummim, tools used for divination in ancient Israel.

“Should I go and attack these Philistines?”
The Philistines were a constant threat to Israel during this period, often raiding and oppressing the Israelites. David's question indicates his concern for the people of Keilah, a town in Judah, and his willingness to act as a protector. This reflects his emerging role as a leader and foreshadows his future kingship. The Philistines' presence in the region highlights the ongoing conflict between Israel and its neighbors, a theme prevalent throughout the books of Samuel.

And the LORD said to David,
The direct communication from God to David underscores the special relationship between them. This divine guidance is a hallmark of David's leadership and is indicative of God's favor upon him. It also serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His active involvement in the affairs of His people. This interaction is reminiscent of God's guidance to other leaders, such as Moses and Joshua, reinforcing the continuity of God's covenantal relationship with Israel.

“Go and attack the Philistines and save Keilah.”
God's command to David to save Keilah highlights His concern for justice and protection of His people. This directive not only affirms David's role as a deliverer but also prefigures Christ, who is seen as the ultimate Savior and protector of His people. The rescue of Keilah can be seen as a type of Christ's redemptive work, where He delivers humanity from the oppression of sin. The historical context of Keilah, a fortified city in Judah, emphasizes the strategic importance of this mission in securing the region against Philistine aggression.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The anointed future king of Israel, known for his deep relationship with God and his leadership qualities. At this point, he is not yet king and is on the run from King Saul.

2. The LORD
The covenant name of God, Yahweh, who guides and directs David through his inquiries.

3. Philistines
A recurring enemy of Israel, known for their military strength and opposition to the Israelites.

4. Keilah
A town in Judah that was under threat from the Philistines, prompting David to seek God's guidance on whether to intervene.

5. Inquiry of the LORD
David's practice of seeking God's will before making decisions, demonstrating his dependence on divine guidance.

Teaching Points

Seeking Divine Guidance
David's inquiry of the LORD highlights the importance of seeking God's direction in our decisions. As believers, we should prioritize prayer and scripture to discern God's will.

Courage to Act
Once David received God's command, he acted with courage. We are called to act on God's guidance with faith and boldness, trusting in His plan.

Dependence on God
David's reliance on God rather than his own strength or wisdom is a model for us. We should cultivate a habit of turning to God first in every situation.

God's Faithfulness
God's response to David assures us of His faithfulness to guide and protect those who seek Him. We can trust that God will lead us when we earnestly seek His will.

Spiritual Leadership
David's leadership is marked by his spiritual sensitivity and obedience. As leaders in various capacities, we should emulate his example by prioritizing spiritual discernment.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's practice of inquiring of the LORD challenge or inspire your own decision-making process?

2. In what ways can you cultivate a habit of seeking God's guidance in your daily life?

3. How does the account of David and the Philistines at Keilah encourage you to act courageously in the face of challenges?

4. Reflect on a time when you sought God's guidance and received a clear direction. How did that experience impact your faith?

5. How can the principles from 1 Samuel 23:2 be applied to leadership roles within your community or church?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 30:8
David again inquires of the LORD, showing a consistent pattern of seeking God's guidance in times of crisis.

Proverbs 3:5-6
Encourages believers to trust in the LORD with all their heart and not lean on their own understanding, similar to David's approach.

James 1:5
Promises wisdom to those who ask God, reflecting David's reliance on divine wisdom for decision-making.