1 Samuel 21:14

Then Achish said to his servants, "Look, you can see that the man is insane! Why have you brought him to me?

Study Bible

Then Achish said
The name "Achish" refers to the Philistine king of Gath. Historically, Gath was one of the five major Philistine cities, and its king would have been a significant figure. The Philistines were often in conflict with Israel, and Achish's interactions with David are notable. The Hebrew root for Achish is "אכיש" (Akhish), which may mean "angry" or "furious," reflecting the potential volatility of his character. This moment is pivotal as it shows a foreign king's reaction to David, who would later become Israel's greatest king.

to his servants
The term "servants" in Hebrew is "עֲבָדָיו" (avadav), which can also mean "slaves" or "attendants." In the context of a royal court, these would be trusted advisors or guards. The presence of these servants indicates that Achish was not alone in his judgment and that his court was involved in the decision-making process. This reflects the hierarchical and communal nature of ancient Near Eastern courts.

Look, you can see
The phrase "Look, you can see" is a call to attention, emphasizing the obviousness of David's condition. The Hebrew word for "look" is "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), often used to draw attention to something significant or surprising. This highlights Achish's incredulity and the dramatic nature of the scene, as David's behavior was unexpected and noteworthy.

the man is insane!
The word "insane" is translated from the Hebrew "מִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ" (mishtagea), which means to act like a madman or to be out of one's mind. In the ancient world, madness was often seen as a sign of divine displeasure or possession. David's feigned insanity was a strategic move to protect himself, showing his cunning and resourcefulness. This act of desperation underscores the perilous situation David was in, fleeing from Saul and seeking refuge among enemies.

Why have you brought him to me?
This rhetorical question reveals Achish's frustration and confusion. The Hebrew structure implies a sense of disbelief and perhaps annoyance. Achish's question suggests that he saw no value or purpose in having a madman in his presence, reflecting the cultural disdain for those who were perceived as mentally unstable. This moment is crucial as it leads to David's escape, demonstrating God's providential care over David even in dire circumstances.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The future king of Israel, who is fleeing from King Saul and feigns madness to escape danger in Gath.

2. Achish
The king of Gath, a Philistine city, who encounters David and questions his sanity.

3. Gath
A Philistine city, known as the hometown of Goliath, where David seeks refuge.

4. Servants of Achish
They bring David to Achish, suspecting his identity and intentions.

5. Feigned Madness
David's act of pretending to be insane to avoid being recognized and harmed by the Philistines.

Teaching Points

God's Protection in Unlikely Ways
David's feigned madness is an example of God using unexpected means to protect His chosen ones. We should remain open to God's unconventional methods of deliverance.

Wisdom in Desperation
David's quick thinking in a desperate situation shows the importance of wisdom and discernment. In times of crisis, seeking God's guidance can lead to creative solutions.

Trust in God's Sovereignty
Despite the appearance of chaos, God is in control. David's experience reminds us to trust in God's sovereignty, even when circumstances seem dire.

The Role of Fear and Faith
David's actions were driven by fear, yet his faith in God remained. This duality teaches us to acknowledge our fears but to let faith guide our actions.

The Importance of Reputation
David's reputation as a warrior preceded him, causing fear among the Philistines. Our actions and character can have far-reaching impacts, influencing how others perceive us.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's situation in Gath reflect the tension between fear and faith in our own lives?

2. In what ways can we seek God's wisdom when faced with desperate circumstances?

3. How does David's experience in Gath encourage us to trust in God's protection, even when it comes in unexpected forms?

4. What can we learn from David's reputation and its impact on his interactions with others?

5. How do other biblical figures, like Jesus in Mark 3:21, show us the importance of staying true to God's mission despite being misunderstood?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Psalm 34
Traditionally attributed to David during this time, expressing his trust in God despite his circumstances.

1 Samuel 18-20
Provides context for David's flight from Saul, highlighting the danger he faced.

Mark 3:21
Jesus is also thought to be out of his mind by his family, showing a parallel in misunderstanding and misjudgment.

Proverbs 21:30
Emphasizes that no wisdom or plan can succeed against the Lord, reflecting David's reliance on God for deliverance.