1 Samuel 2:34
And this sign shall come to you concerning your two sons Hophni and Phinehas: They will both die on the same day.
And this will be the sign to you
The phrase "the sign" in Hebrew is "אוֹת" (oth), which often denotes a miraculous or significant event that confirms a divine message or prophecy. In the context of 1 Samuel, this sign is a divine confirmation of the judgment pronounced against Eli's house. Historically, signs were used by God to authenticate His word and to assure the recipient of the certainty of His promises or warnings. This particular sign serves as a grave reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the seriousness with which God regards His covenant and commands.

that will come upon your two sons
The mention of "your two sons" refers specifically to Hophni and Phinehas, the sons of Eli, the high priest. In the Hebrew context, the family lineage and the role of the priesthood were of utmost importance. Hophni and Phinehas, however, were corrupt priests who abused their positions, as detailed earlier in 1 Samuel. Their actions were not only a personal failing but a public scandal that desecrated the sacred duties of the priesthood. This phrase underscores the personal nature of the prophecy and the direct impact of divine judgment on Eli's family.

Hophni and Phinehas
These names are significant in the narrative of 1 Samuel. Hophni and Phinehas are often remembered for their moral failures and the resulting divine judgment. Their account serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of spiritual complacency and corruption. In the broader scriptural context, their lives contrast with the faithful service of Samuel, who is being raised up by God as a righteous leader for Israel. The mention of their names here is a reminder of the personal accountability each individual holds before God.

They will both die on the same day
The prophecy that "they will both die on the same day" is a specific and dramatic prediction. In Hebrew culture, the death of a priest was a significant event, and the simultaneous death of both sons of the high priest would have been seen as a clear and unmistakable act of divine intervention. This phrase highlights the certainty and severity of God's judgment. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and the fulfillment of God's word. Historically, this event marks a turning point in Israel's history, leading to the eventual rise of Samuel as a leader and the establishment of a new order under God's guidance.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Eli
The high priest of Israel during the time of Samuel's birth. He was responsible for the spiritual leadership of Israel but failed to restrain his sons from their wickedness.

2. Hophni and Phinehas
The two sons of Eli, who served as priests but were corrupt and disobedient to God's laws. Their actions led to God's judgment upon Eli's household.

3. The Sign
A prophetic sign given by God through a man of God to Eli, indicating the impending judgment on his family due to the sins of his sons.

4. Death of Hophni and Phinehas
The fulfillment of the prophecy where both sons die on the same day, serving as a divine confirmation of God's judgment.

5. Shiloh
The religious center of Israel at the time, where the tabernacle was located and where Eli and his sons served.
Teaching Points
The Consequences of Disobedience
The account of Hophni and Phinehas serves as a stark reminder that disobedience to God's commands, especially by those in spiritual leadership, leads to severe consequences.

Parental Responsibility
Eli's failure to discipline his sons highlights the importance of parental responsibility in guiding children in righteousness and correcting them when they go astray.

God's Faithfulness in Judgment
God's fulfillment of the prophecy against Eli's house demonstrates His faithfulness to His word, both in promises and in judgment.

The Importance of Godly Leadership
The corruption of Hophni and Phinehas shows the impact of ungodly leadership on a community, emphasizing the need for leaders to live according to God's standards.

The Role of Signs in Scripture
The sign given to Eli serves as a reminder that God often uses signs to confirm His word and to call His people to repentance.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the account of Hophni and Phinehas illustrate the consequences of failing to honor God in positions of leadership?

2. In what ways can parents today learn from Eli's mistakes in raising his sons, and how can they apply biblical principles to guide their children?

3. How does the fulfillment of the prophecy against Eli's house demonstrate God's faithfulness to His word, and how can this assurance impact our trust in God's promises?

4. What are some modern-day examples of the impact of ungodly leadership, and how can Christians work to promote godly leadership in their communities?

5. How can we discern and respond to the signs God may use in our lives to guide us or call us to repentance?
Connections to Other Scriptures
1 Samuel 4:11
This verse describes the fulfillment of the prophecy when Hophni and Phinehas die in battle, confirming God's word to Eli.

1 Samuel 3:11-14
God speaks to Samuel, reiterating the judgment against Eli's house, emphasizing the seriousness of the sins of Hophni and Phinehas.

Leviticus 10:1-2
The account of Nadab and Abihu, who also faced divine judgment for offering unauthorized fire, highlighting the importance of obedience in priestly duties.

Proverbs 22:6
This verse underscores the importance of training children in the way they should go, contrasting Eli's failure to discipline his sons.
A Message of Approaching JudgmentB. Dale 1 Samuel 2:27-36
Judgment Upon a False PriesthoodT. Carlyle.1 Samuel 2:31-34
People
Eli, Elkanah, Hannah, Hophni, Israelites, Pharaoh, Phinehas, Samuel
Places
Egypt, Ramah, Shiloh
Topics
Befall, Death, Die, Happens, Hophni, Overtake, Phinehas, Phin'ehas, Sign, Sons
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 Samuel 2:34

     1449   signs, purposes

1 Samuel 2:27-36

     5340   house
     5686   fathers, examples

Library
The Child Prophet
'And the child Samuel ministered unto the Lord before Eli. And the word of the Lord was precious in those days; there was no open vision. 2. And it came to pass at that time, when Eli was laid down in his place, and his eyes began to wax dim, that he could not see; 8. And ere the lamp of God went out in the temple of the Lord, where the ark of God was, and Samuel was laid down to sleep; 4. That the Lord called Samuel: and he answered, Here am I. 5. And he ran onto Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Reverence in Worship.
"Samuel ministered before the Lord, being a child, girded with a linen ephod."--1 Samuel ii. 18. Samuel, viewed in his place in sacred history, that is, in the course of events which connect Moses with Christ, appears as a great ruler and teacher of his people; this is his prominent character. He was the first of the prophets; yet, when we read the sacred narrative itself, in which his life is set before us, I suppose those passages are the more striking and impressive which represent him, in
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VIII

The Knowledge of God
'The Lord is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed.' I Sam 2:2. Glorious things are spoken of God; he transcends our thoughts, and the praises of angels. God's glory lies chiefly in his attributes, which are the several beams by which the divine nature shines forth. Among other of his orient excellencies, this is not the least, The Lord is a God of knowledge; or as the Hebrew word is, A God of knowledges.' Through the bright mirror of his own essence, he has a full idea and cognisance
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Though the Fore-Mentioned Eternal Moral Obligations
are incumbent indeed on all rational creatures, antecedent to any respect of particular reward or punishment, yet they must certainly and necessarily be attended with rewards and punishments: Because the same reasons, which prove God himself to be necessarily just and good, and the rules of justice, equity, and goodness, to be his unalterable will, law, and command, to all created beings; prove also that he cannot but be pleased with and approve such creatures as imitate and obey him by observing
Samuel Clarke—A Discourse Concerning the Being and Attributes of God

Letter xxix. To Marcella.
An explanation of the Hebrew words Ephod bad (1 Sam. ii. 18) and Teraphim (Judges xvii. 5). Written at Rome to Marcella, also at Rome a.d. 384.
St. Jerome—The Principal Works of St. Jerome

A Private Enquiry
"What is the thing that the Lord hath said unto thee?"--1 Samuel 3:17. THE Lord would not speak directly to Eli, although he was the High Priest. In ordinary circumstances it would have been so; but Eli had grieved the Lord, and thus had lost his honorable standing. God had not cast him off; but he viewed him with such displeasure that he would only speak to him through another person: even as great kings, if they are offended with their courtiers, send them messages by other hands. The Lord sent,
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 37: 1891

Appendix xix. On Eternal Punishment, According to the Rabbis and the New Testament
THE Parables of the Ten Virgins' and of the Unfaithful Servant' close with a Discourse on the Last Things,' the final Judgment, and the fate of those Christ's Righ Hand and at His Left (St. Matt. xxv. 31-46). This final Judgment by our Lord forms a fundamental article in the Creed of the Church. It is the Christ Who comes, accompanied by the Angelic Host, and sits down on the throne of His Glory, when all nations are gathered before Him. Then the final separation is made, and joy or sorrow awarded
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Covenanting a Privilege of Believers.
Whatever attainment is made by any as distinguished from the wicked, or whatever gracious benefit is enjoyed, is a spiritual privilege. Adoption into the family of God is of this character. "He came unto his own, and his own received him not. But as many as received him, to them gave he power (margin, or, the right; or, privilege) to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name."[617] And every co-ordinate benefit is essentially so likewise. The evidence besides, that Covenanting
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

The Mystery
Of the Woman dwelling in the Wilderness. The woman delivered of a child, when the dragon was overcome, from thenceforth dwelt in the wilderness, by which is figured the state of the Church, liberated from Pagan tyranny, to the time of the seventh trumpet, and the second Advent of Christ, by the type, not of a latent, invisible, but, as it were, an intermediate condition, like that of the lsraelitish Church journeying in the wilderness, from its departure from Egypt, to its entrance into the land
Joseph Mede—A Key to the Apocalypse

Sixth Day. Holiness and Glory.
Who is like unto Thee, O Lord! among the gods? Who is like unto Thee, glorious in holiness, Fearful in praises, doing wonders? Thou in Thy mercy hast led Thy people which Thou hast redeemed: Thou hast guided them in Thy strength to the habitation of Thy holiness ... The holy place, O Lord, which Thy hands have established.' --Ex. xv. 11-17. In these words we have another step in advance in the revelation of Holiness. We have here for the first time Holiness predicated of God Himself. He
Andrew Murray—Holy in Christ

Sanctification.
VI. Objections answered. I will consider those passages of scripture which are by some supposed to contradict the doctrine we have been considering. 1 Kings viii. 46: "If they sin against thee, (for there is no man that sinneth not,) and thou be angry with them, and deliver them to the enemy, so that they carry them away captives unto the land of the enemy, far or near," etc. On this passage, I remark:-- 1. That this sentiment in nearly the same language, is repeated in 2 Chron. vi. 26, and in Eccl.
Charles Grandison Finney—Systematic Theology

Seventeenth Sunday after Trinity the Christian Calling and Unity.
Text: Ephesians 4, 1-6. 1 I, therefore, the prisoner in the Lord, beseech you to walk worthily of the calling wherewith ye were called, 2 with all lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love; 3 giving diligence to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. 4 There is one body, and one Spirit, even as also ye were called in one hope of your calling; 5 one Lord, one faith, one baptism, 6 one God and Father of all, who is over all, and through all, and in all.
Martin Luther—Epistle Sermons, Vol. III

The Sun Rising Upon a Dark World
The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon then hath the light shined. C ontrasts are suited to illustrate and strengthen the impression of each other. The happiness of those, who by faith in MESSIAH, are brought into a state of peace, liberty, and comfort, is greatly enhanced and heightened by the consideration of that previous state of misery in which they once lived, and of the greater misery to which they were justly exposed.
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

Entire Sanctification
By Dr. Adam Clarke The word "sanctify" has two meanings. 1. It signifies to consecrate, to separate from earth and common use, and to devote or dedicate to God and his service. 2. It signifies to make holy or pure. Many talk much, and indeed well, of what Christ has done for us: but how little is spoken of what he is to do in us! and yet all that he has done for us is in reference to what he is to do in us. He was incarnated, suffered, died, and rose again from the dead; ascended to heaven, and there
Adam Clarke—Entire Sanctification

The Holiness of God
The next attribute is God's holiness. Exod 15:51. Glorious in holiness.' Holiness is the most sparkling jewel of his crown; it is the name by which God is known. Psa 111:1. Holy and reverend is his name.' He is the holy One.' Job 6:60. Seraphims cry, Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts, the whole earth is full of his glory.' Isa 6:6. His power makes him mighty, his holiness makes him glorious. God's holiness consists in his perfect love of righteousness, and abhorrence of evil. Of purer eyes than
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Mothers, Daughters, and Wives in Israel
In order accurately to understand the position of woman in Israel, it is only necessary carefully to peruse the New Testament. The picture of social life there presented gives a full view of the place which she held in private and in public life. Here we do not find that separation, so common among Orientals at all times, but a woman mingles freely with others both at home and abroad. So far from suffering under social inferiority, she takes influential and often leading part in all movements, specially
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Tiglath-Pileser iii. And the Organisation of the Assyrian Empire from 745 to 722 B. C.
TIGLATH-PILESER III. AND THE ORGANISATION OF THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE FROM 745 to 722 B.C. FAILURE OF URARTU AND RE-CONQUEST Of SYRIA--EGYPT AGAIN UNITED UNDER ETHIOPIAN AUSPICES--PIONKHI--THE DOWNFALL OF DAMASCUS, OF BABYLON, AND OF ISRAEL. Assyria and its neighbours at the accession of Tiglath-pileser III.: progress of the Aramaeans in the basin of the Middle Tigris--Urartu and its expansion into the north of Syria--Damascus and Israel--Vengeance of Israel on Damascus--Jeroboam II.--Civilisation
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 7

Samuel
Alike from the literary and the historical point of view, the book[1] of Samuel stands midway between the book of Judges and the book of Kings. As we have already seen, the Deuteronomic book of Judges in all probability ran into Samuel and ended in ch. xii.; while the story of David, begun in Samuel, embraces the first two chapters of the first book of Kings. The book of Samuel is not very happily named, as much of it is devoted to Saul and the greater part to David; yet it is not altogether inappropriate,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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