1 Samuel 14:17

Saul said to the troops who were with him, "Call the roll and see who has left us." And when they had called the roll, they saw that Jonathan and his armor-bearer were not there.

Study Bible

Then Saul said
This phrase introduces King Saul, the first king of Israel, who was anointed by the prophet Samuel. Saul's leadership is often marked by impulsive decisions and a lack of faith, contrasting with his son Jonathan's bravery and trust in God. The Hebrew root for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) implies a command or declaration, highlighting Saul's authoritative role among the troops.

to the troops who were with him
The "troops" refer to the Israelite soldiers under Saul's command. Historically, these men were part of a fledgling army, often outnumbered and outmatched by their enemies, such as the Philistines. The phrase underscores the communal aspect of Israel's military efforts, where unity and obedience to leadership were crucial for survival.

Call the roll
This phrase indicates a military practice of accounting for soldiers, ensuring that all are present and accounted for. The Hebrew word for "call" (פָּקַד, paqad) can also mean to muster or appoint, suggesting a formal and organized approach to leadership. This action reflects Saul's concern for order and accountability within his ranks.

and see who has left us
Saul's directive to "see who has left us" reveals his awareness of potential desertion or absence among his men. This concern is rooted in the precarious situation Israel often found itself in, surrounded by hostile nations. The phrase also foreshadows the discovery of Jonathan's absence, setting the stage for the unfolding narrative of his courageous actions.

And when they had called the roll
The completion of the roll call signifies a thorough and diligent process, emphasizing the importance of knowing the status of each soldier. This practice reflects the disciplined nature of ancient military operations and the necessity of maintaining a cohesive fighting force.

they saw that Jonathan and his armor-bearer were not there
The absence of Jonathan and his armor-bearer is pivotal. Jonathan, Saul's son, is depicted as a man of faith and action, often stepping out in boldness to confront Israel's enemies. His armor-bearer, a loyal companion, symbolizes the support and camaraderie essential in spiritual and physical battles. This moment highlights Jonathan's initiative and foreshadows his significant role in the victory over the Philistines, demonstrating that true leadership often involves stepping out in faith, even when it means leaving the safety of the group.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Saul
The first king of Israel, anointed by the prophet Samuel. At this point in the account, Saul is leading the Israelites against the Philistines.

2. Jonathan
Saul's son, known for his bravery and faith in God. He plays a crucial role in the events of this chapter by initiating an attack on the Philistine garrison.

3. Armor-bearer
Jonathan's young assistant, who accompanies him into battle. His loyalty and courage are evident as he follows Jonathan into a dangerous situation.

4. Israelite Troops
The soldiers under Saul's command, who are engaged in a standoff with the Philistines.

5. Philistines
The primary adversaries of Israel during this period, representing a constant threat to the Israelites.

Teaching Points

Leadership and Responsibility
Saul's decision to call the roll reflects his responsibility as a leader to account for his men. Leaders today must also be diligent in knowing and caring for those under their charge.

Faith and Initiative
Jonathan's absence from the camp is a result of his faith-driven initiative. Believers are encouraged to step out in faith, trusting God to work through their actions.

Loyalty and Support
The armor-bearer's willingness to follow Jonathan into danger highlights the importance of loyalty and support in fulfilling God's purposes.

Divine Providence
The unfolding events demonstrate God's providence in using Jonathan's actions to bring about a victory for Israel. Believers can trust that God is at work, even in seemingly small or isolated actions.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Saul's leadership style in this passage compare to other leaders in the Bible, and what can we learn from it?

2. In what ways does Jonathan's faith and initiative inspire you to take action in your own life?

3. How can the loyalty of Jonathan's armor-bearer be applied to our relationships and commitments today?

4. What other biblical accounts illustrate the theme of God using a small number of people to achieve great victories?

5. How can we discern when God is calling us to take bold steps of faith, as Jonathan did?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 13
Provides context for Saul's kingship and the ongoing conflict with the Philistines, setting the stage for Jonathan's actions.

Judges 7
The account of Gideon, which parallels Jonathan's faith and courage in facing overwhelming odds with a small force.

Hebrews 11
Highlights the faith of Old Testament figures, including those who acted courageously in battle, like Jonathan.