1 Kings 1:13

Go at once to King David and say, 'My lord the king, did you not swear to your maidservant, "Surely your son Solomon will reign after me, and he will sit on my throne"? Why then has Adonijah become king?'

Study Bible

Go at once
This phrase indicates urgency and immediacy. In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "לֵךְ" (lekh), which is a command to go. The urgency reflects the critical nature of the situation, as Adonijah is attempting to usurp the throne. This urgency is a call to action, reminding believers of the importance of responding promptly to God's direction and the need to address issues of spiritual and moral significance without delay.

to King David
King David, the anointed king of Israel, is a central figure in the Old Testament. His reign is marked by both triumphs and failures, yet he remains a man after God's own heart (1 Samuel 13:14). The reference to David here underscores the legitimacy of his authority and the divine promise that his lineage would continue to rule. This highlights the importance of divine covenants and the faithfulness of God in fulfilling His promises.

and say to him
This phrase indicates a direct communication, emphasizing the importance of speaking truth and delivering messages with clarity and conviction. In the biblical context, prophets and messengers often played crucial roles in conveying God's will. This reminds believers of the power of words and the responsibility to speak truthfully and boldly in accordance with God's will.

‘My lord the king
This respectful address acknowledges David's authority and position. The Hebrew word "אֲדֹנִי" (adoni) is used here, denoting respect and submission. It serves as a reminder of the importance of honoring those in positions of authority, as well as recognizing the ultimate authority of God in our lives.

did you not swear
The act of swearing an oath in biblical times was a solemn and binding commitment. The Hebrew word "נִשְׁבַּעְתָּ" (nishba'ta) reflects the seriousness of such promises. This phrase underscores the importance of integrity and faithfulness in keeping one's word, as well as the weight of divine promises and covenants.

to your maidservant
This phrase highlights the humility and service of Bathsheba, Solomon's mother. The term "שִׁפְחָתֶךָ" (shifkhatekha) indicates her position as a servant, yet she plays a pivotal role in the unfolding of God's plan. This serves as a reminder that God often uses those in humble positions to accomplish His purposes, and that true greatness is found in service.

Surely your son Solomon will reign after me
This statement is a reaffirmation of God's promise regarding Solomon's kingship. The certainty expressed by the word "כִּי" (ki) emphasizes the divine will and the assurance of God's plan. It highlights the theme of divine election and the fulfillment of God's promises, encouraging believers to trust in God's sovereign plan for their lives.

and he will sit on my throne
The throne symbolizes authority, leadership, and the continuation of David's dynasty. The Hebrew word "כִּסְאִי" (kise'i) signifies the seat of power. This phrase underscores the legitimacy of Solomon's rule and the divine right bestowed upon him. It serves as a reminder of the eternal throne of Christ, the ultimate fulfillment of the Davidic covenant.

Why then has Adonijah become king?
This question challenges the legitimacy of Adonijah's claim to the throne. It reflects the tension between human ambition and divine will. The situation serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of self-exaltation and the importance of aligning one's ambitions with God's purposes. It encourages believers to seek God's guidance and to trust in His timing and plan.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King David
The aging and ailing king of Israel, who had promised that Solomon would succeed him as king.

2. Bathsheba
The mother of Solomon, who approaches David to remind him of his promise regarding Solomon's succession.

3. Solomon
The son of David and Bathsheba, whom David had promised would be the next king.

4. Adonijah
Another son of David, who attempts to usurp the throne without David's consent.

5. Jerusalem
The capital city of Israel, where these events unfold.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Keeping Promises
David's promise to Bathsheba about Solomon's succession highlights the importance of integrity and faithfulness in our commitments.

God's Sovereignty in Leadership
Despite Adonijah's attempt to seize power, God's plan for Solomon to reign is ultimately fulfilled, reminding us of God's control over leadership and authority.

The Role of Advocacy
Bathsheba's approach to David demonstrates the importance of advocating for truth and justice, especially when promises are at stake.

Trust in God's Timing
The unfolding of events shows that God's timing is perfect, and we must trust Him even when circumstances seem uncertain.

The Consequences of Ambition
Adonijah's ambition leads to conflict and strife, serving as a warning against self-serving pursuits that go against God's will.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's promise to Bathsheba reflect the biblical principle of keeping one's word, and how can we apply this in our daily lives?

2. In what ways does the account of Solomon's succession demonstrate God's sovereignty, and how can this encourage us in times of uncertainty?

3. What can we learn from Bathsheba's role in advocating for Solomon, and how can we apply this in standing up for truth and justice today?

4. How does the account of 1 Kings 1:13 connect with God's covenant with David in 2 Samuel 7, and what does this teach us about God's faithfulness?

5. Reflect on a time when ambition led to negative consequences in your life or the life of someone you know. How does Adonijah's account serve as a cautionary tale?

Connections to Other Scriptures

2 Samuel 7
God's covenant with David, promising that his lineage would continue to rule, which sets the stage for Solomon's rightful succession.

1 Chronicles 22
David's preparations for Solomon to build the temple, indicating his intention for Solomon to succeed him.

Proverbs 3:5-6
Trusting in God's plan, as Bathsheba and Nathan do by reminding David of his promise.

Matthew 1:6
The genealogy of Jesus, which includes Solomon, showing the fulfillment of God's promise through David's line.