Strong's Lexicon nishtevan: Letter, document, decree Original Word: נִשְׁתְּוָן Word Origin: Derived from a Persian loanword, reflecting the influence of the Persian Empire on the Hebrew language during the post-exilic period. Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: While there is no direct Greek equivalent in Strong's Concordance, the concept of official letters or decrees can be related to Greek terms such as "γράμμα" (gramma, G1121) meaning "letter" or "document," and "διάταγμα" (diatagma, G1297) meaning "decree." Usage: The term "nishtevan" refers to an official document or letter, often used in the context of royal decrees or governmental correspondence. It signifies a written communication that carries authority and is typically associated with administrative or legal matters. Cultural and Historical Background: The use of "nishtevan" reflects the historical context of the Jewish people during the Persian period, particularly after the Babylonian exile. During this time, the Persian Empire had a significant influence on the regions it controlled, including Judea. The administrative language and practices of the Persians, including the use of official documents, were adopted by the Jewish people. This period is marked by the rebuilding of the Temple and the re-establishment of Jewish society under Persian rule, as seen in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originof foreign origin Definition a letter NASB Translation decree (1), letter (1). Brown-Driver-Briggs נִשְׁתְּוָן noun [masculine] letter (usually derived from Persian  ,  i.e. writing, HoffmZA ii (1887), 52 yet compare MeyerJudenthum 22); — absolute ׳נ Ezra 4:7; Ezra 7:11. נתב (√ of following; Arabic Strong's Exhaustive Concordance letter Probably of Persian origin; an epistle -- letter. Forms and Transliterations הַֽנִּשְׁתְּוָ֔ן הַֽנִּשְׁתְּוָ֗ן הנשתון han·niš·tə·wān hannishteVan hanništəwānLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Ezra 4:7 HEB: פָּרָ֑ס וּכְתָב֙ הַֽנִּשְׁתְּוָ֔ן כָּת֥וּב אֲרָמִ֖ית NAS: and the text of the letter was written KJV: and the writing of the letter [was] written INT: of Persia and the text of the letter was written Aramaic Ezra 7:11 2 Occurrences |
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swell forth, become prominent, protuberant, Lane2760). 
