Romans 4:11

And he received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised. So then, he is the father of all who believe but are not circumcised, in order that righteousness might be credited to them.

Study Bible

And he received the sign of circumcision
This phrase refers to Abraham, who received circumcision as a physical sign of the covenant between him and God. The Greek word for "sign" is "σημεῖον" (sēmeion), which indicates a mark or token. In the historical context, circumcision was a significant ritual in Jewish tradition, symbolizing a deeper spiritual truth. It was not merely a physical act but a representation of the covenant relationship and the righteousness that comes by faith.

a seal of the righteousness
The term "seal" in Greek is "σφραγίς" (sphragis), which denotes a mark of authenticity or confirmation. In ancient times, a seal was used to validate documents, ensuring their authenticity. Here, circumcision is described as a seal, confirming the righteousness that Abraham had already received through faith. This emphasizes that righteousness is not achieved through physical acts but is a divine gift, authenticated by faith.

that he had by faith
The phrase underscores the foundational Christian doctrine that righteousness is obtained through faith, not works. The Greek word for "faith" is "πίστις" (pistis), which implies trust and belief in God. Abraham's faith was credited to him as righteousness before he was circumcised, highlighting that faith precedes and is independent of ritualistic observance.

while he was still uncircumcised
This part of the verse emphasizes the timing of Abraham's justification. He was declared righteous before undergoing circumcision, which serves as a powerful argument against the necessity of adhering to the law for salvation. It underscores the universality of the gospel, showing that righteousness through faith is available to all, regardless of their adherence to Jewish customs.

So then, he is the father of all who believe
Abraham is described as the "father" of all believers, both Jews and Gentiles. The Greek word "πατήρ" (patēr) signifies a progenitor or originator. In this context, it highlights Abraham's role as a spiritual ancestor to all who follow his example of faith. This establishes a spiritual lineage that transcends ethnic and cultural boundaries, uniting all believers under the promise of faith.

but have not been circumcised
This phrase refers to Gentile believers who, like Abraham, are justified by faith without the need for circumcision. It reinforces the message that physical rituals are not prerequisites for righteousness. The inclusion of uncircumcised believers in the family of faith demonstrates the inclusivity of the gospel and God's plan for salvation for all humanity.

in order that righteousness might be credited to them
The concept of righteousness being "credited" is central to Paul's argument. The Greek word "λογίζομαι" (logizomai) means to reckon or account. This accounting term illustrates the imputation of righteousness to believers, not based on their works, but on their faith. It is a divine transaction where God attributes righteousness to those who trust in Him, echoing the grace and mercy inherent in the gospel message.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Abraham
The central figure in this passage, Abraham is considered the father of faith. He received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness he had by faith.

2. Circumcision
A physical sign given to Abraham and his descendants, symbolizing the covenant between God and His people. It serves as a seal of the righteousness that comes by faith.

3. Righteousness by Faith
A key theological concept in Romans, emphasizing that righteousness is credited to individuals through faith, not through works or adherence to the law.

4. Uncircumcised Believers
Refers to Gentiles who come to faith in Christ and are considered righteous through faith, just as Abraham was before he was circumcised.

5. Paul the Apostle
The author of the Book of Romans, who is explaining the doctrine of justification by faith using Abraham as an example.

Teaching Points

Faith Precedes Works
Abraham's example shows that faith is the foundation of our relationship with God. Works, such as circumcision, are outward signs of an inward faith.

Universal Access to Righteousness
The promise of righteousness through faith is available to all, Jew and Gentile alike. This underscores the inclusivity of the Gospel.

The Role of Signs and Seals
Circumcision was a sign and seal of the righteousness Abraham had by faith. In the New Covenant, baptism serves a similar role as an outward sign of inward faith.

Spiritual Heritage
Believers are spiritual descendants of Abraham, called to live by faith and trust in God's promises.

Living by Faith
Just as Abraham trusted God before seeing the fulfillment of His promises, believers are called to live by faith, trusting in God's timing and provision.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the example of Abraham challenge our understanding of faith and works in our own spiritual journey?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our outward religious practices are genuine reflections of our inward faith?

3. How does understanding that righteousness is credited through faith impact our view of salvation and evangelism?

4. What are some modern "signs and seals" of faith that we might rely on, and how can we ensure they do not replace genuine faith?

5. How can we, as spiritual descendants of Abraham, live out our faith in a way that reflects the inclusivity of the Gospel message?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 15:6
This verse is foundational for understanding Romans 4:11, as it records that Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness. This establishes the principle of faith preceding the law.

Galatians 3:7-9
Paul reiterates that those who have faith are children of Abraham, emphasizing the universality of the promise to all who believe, not just to those who are circumcised.

Ephesians 2:8-9
These verses highlight that salvation is by grace through faith, not by works, aligning with the message of Romans 4:11 about righteousness being credited through faith.