Psalm 79:3
They have poured out their blood like water all around Jerusalem, and there is no one to bury the dead.
They have poured out
The phrase "poured out" in Hebrew is "שָׁפַךְ" (shaphak), which conveys a sense of spilling or shedding, often used in the context of bloodshed or sacrifice. This imagery evokes the idea of life being violently and carelessly taken, akin to water being spilled on the ground. Historically, this reflects the brutal invasions and massacres that Jerusalem faced, particularly during the Babylonian conquest. The shedding of blood is not just a physical act but a spiritual defilement, highlighting the severity of the judgment upon the people.

their blood like water
Blood, in biblical terms, is the essence of life (Leviticus 17:11). The comparison to water suggests an overwhelming and indiscriminate loss of life, emphasizing the magnitude of the tragedy. Water, a common and abundant element, contrasts with the preciousness of blood, underscoring the devaluation of life during this period of judgment. This phrase also reflects the lamentation and mourning over the loss of sacred life, which was once protected and cherished by God’s covenant.

all around Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the holy city, is central to Jewish identity and faith. The phrase "all around Jerusalem" indicates the widespread devastation and desecration of a place that was meant to be a sanctuary and a symbol of God's presence among His people. Historically, this points to the invasions that breached the city’s defenses, leading to destruction and chaos. Spiritually, it signifies the breach in the covenant relationship between God and His people due to their disobedience.

and there is no one to bury the dead
In ancient Israelite culture, burial was a sacred duty, and leaving a body unburied was a sign of disgrace and divine judgment (Deuteronomy 21:23). The absence of anyone to perform this duty highlights the totality of the destruction and the breakdown of societal and religious structures. It reflects a period of utter desolation and abandonment, where the community is unable to fulfill even the most basic acts of respect and mourning for the deceased. This phrase serves as a poignant reminder of the consequences of turning away from God’s commandments and the resulting spiritual and communal desolation.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Jerusalem
The central city of Jewish worship and the location of the Temple. It is often seen as a symbol of God's presence and the spiritual heart of Israel.

2. The Enemies of Israel
Though not named in this verse, they are the ones responsible for the destruction and desecration described. Historically, this could refer to the Babylonians or other invading forces.

3. The Israelites
The people of God who are suffering the consequences of the invasion and desecration of their holy city.
Teaching Points
The Consequences of Sin
The devastation described in Psalm 79:3 serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of turning away from God. It calls believers to reflect on their own lives and the importance of repentance.

The Reality of Suffering
This verse acknowledges the harsh realities of suffering and loss. It encourages believers to bring their pain and lament before God, trusting in His ultimate justice and restoration.

The Importance of Community
The absence of anyone to bury the dead highlights the breakdown of community. It challenges believers to support and care for one another, especially in times of crisis.

Hope in God's Justice
While the verse depicts a scene of despair, it also implicitly calls for God's justice. Believers are reminded to trust in God's righteous judgment and His promise to restore and heal.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the historical context of Jerusalem's destruction enhance our understanding of Psalm 79:3?

2. In what ways can the imagery of "blood poured out like water" be seen in other parts of the Bible, and what does it signify?

3. How can we apply the lessons of communal responsibility and care from this verse to our modern church communities?

4. What are some practical ways we can respond to suffering and injustice in our world today, drawing from the themes of this Psalm?

5. How does the promise of God's ultimate justice and restoration provide hope in the face of current global or personal crises?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Lamentations 2
This chapter provides a vivid description of the destruction of Jerusalem, echoing the themes of devastation and mourning found in Psalm 79.

2 Kings 25
The account of the Babylonian siege and destruction of Jerusalem, which provides historical context for the lament in Psalm 79.

Revelation 6:9-11
The imagery of the martyrs' blood and the call for justice connects to the plea for divine intervention and justice in Psalm 79.
Times of PersecutionR. Tuck Psalm 79:1-4
An Imprecatory PsalmS. Conway Psalm 79:1-13
Good Men God's InheritanceHomilistPsalm 79:1-13
Prayer for Deliverance from SufferingC. Short Psalm 79:1-13
The Inhumanity of Man and the Mixture of Good and EvilHomilistPsalm 79:1-13
People
Asaph, Jacob, Psalmist
Places
Jerusalem
Topics
Blood, Bury, Burying, Dead, Flowing, Jerusalem, None, Poured, Resting-place, Round, Shed
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Psalm 79:1-5

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Library
The Attack on the Scriptures
[Illustration: (drop cap B) A Greek Warrior] But troubled times came again to Jerusalem. The great empires of Babylon and Assyria had passed away for ever, exactly as the prophets of Israel had foretold; but new powers had arisen in the world, and the great nations fought together so constantly that all the smaller countries, and with them the Kingdom of Judah, changed hands very often. At last Alexander the Great managed to make himself master of all the countries of the then-known world. Alexander
Mildred Duff—The Bible in its Making

How they are to be Admonished who Lament Sins of Deed, and those who Lament Only Sins of Thought.
(Admonition 30.) Differently to be admonished are those who deplore sins of deed, and those who deplore sins of thought. For those who deplore sins of deed are to be admonished that perfected lamentations should wash out consummated evils, lest they be bound by a greater debt of perpetrated deed than they pay in tears of satisfaction for it. For it is written, He hath given us drink in tears by measure (Ps. lxxix. 6): which means that each person's soul should in its penitence drink the tears
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

Period ii. The Church from the Permanent Division of the Empire Until the Collapse of the Western Empire and the First Schism Between the East and the West, or Until About A. D. 500
In the second period of the history of the Church under the Christian Empire, the Church, although existing in two divisions of the Empire and experiencing very different political fortunes, may still be regarded as forming a whole. The theological controversies distracting the Church, although different in the two halves of the Graeco-Roman world, were felt to some extent in both divisions of the Empire and not merely in the one in which they were principally fought out; and in the condemnation
Joseph Cullen Ayer Jr., Ph.D.—A Source Book for Ancient Church History

The Formation of the Old Testament Canon
[Sidenote: Israel's literature at the beginning of the fourth century before Christ] Could we have studied the scriptures of the Israelitish race about 400 B.C., we should have classified them under four great divisions: (1) The prophetic writings, represented by the combined early Judean, Ephraimite, and late prophetic or Deuteronomic narratives, and their continuation in Samuel and Kings, together with the earlier and exilic prophecies; (2) the legal, represented by the majority of the Old Testament
Charles Foster Kent—The Origin & Permanent Value of the Old Testament

A Summary of the Christian Life. Of Self-Denial.
The divisions of the chapter are,--I. The rule which permits us not to go astray in the study of righteousness, requires two things, viz., that man, abandoning his own will, devote himself entirely to the service of God; whence it follows, that we must seek not our own things, but the things of God, sec. 1, 2. II. A description of this renovation or Christian life taken from the Epistle to Titus, and accurately explained under certain special heads, sec. 3 to end. 1. ALTHOUGH the Law of God contains
Archpriest John Iliytch Sergieff—On the Christian Life

Psalms
The piety of the Old Testament Church is reflected with more clearness and variety in the Psalter than in any other book of the Old Testament. It constitutes the response of the Church to the divine demands of prophecy, and, in a less degree, of law; or, rather, it expresses those emotions and aspirations of the universal heart which lie deeper than any formal demand. It is the speech of the soul face to face with God. Its words are as simple and unaffected as human words can be, for it is the genius
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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