Matthew 6:12

And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors.

Study Bible

And forgive us
The Greek word for "forgive" here is "ἀφίημι" (aphiēmi), which means to send away, let go, or release. In the context of this prayer, it signifies a plea for God to release us from the burden of our sins. This request acknowledges our dependence on God's grace and mercy. Historically, forgiveness was a central theme in Jewish teachings, emphasizing the need for repentance and divine pardon. The act of seeking forgiveness is a humbling acknowledgment of our imperfections and a recognition of God's sovereignty and compassion.

our debts
The term "debts" is translated from the Greek word "ὀφειλήματα" (opheilēmata), which can refer to financial obligations but, in this context, symbolizes moral and spiritual debts—our sins and transgressions against God. In Jewish tradition, sin was often viewed as a debt owed to God, requiring atonement. This metaphor highlights the seriousness of sin and the need for divine intervention to restore the broken relationship between humanity and God. It reminds believers of the weight of their sins and the necessity of seeking God's forgiveness to be spiritually free.

as we also have forgiven
The phrase underscores the reciprocal nature of forgiveness in Christian teaching. The Greek word "ἀφήκαμεν" (aphēkamen) is used here, indicating a past action of forgiving others. This reflects the biblical principle that receiving God's forgiveness is intrinsically linked to our willingness to forgive those who have wronged us. Historically, this concept is rooted in Jewish law and teachings, where forgiveness was a moral duty. It serves as a reminder that harboring unforgiveness can hinder our relationship with God and others, and that true forgiveness is an act of grace that mirrors God's own forgiveness.

our debtors
The word "debtors" comes from the Greek "ὀφειλέταις" (opheiletais), referring to those who owe us, not just in a financial sense but in terms of offenses or wrongs committed against us. This phrase calls believers to extend the same grace and mercy to others that they seek from God. In the historical context of Jesus' time, debts were a common part of life, and the release from such obligations was a powerful act of mercy. This teaching challenges Christians to embody the love and forgiveness of Christ, fostering reconciliation and peace in their relationships.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus Christ
The speaker of this verse, teaching His disciples how to pray in what is commonly known as the Lord's Prayer.

2. Disciples
The immediate audience of Jesus' teaching, representing all believers who seek to follow Christ's teachings.

3. Debtors
Symbolically refers to those who have wronged us or owe us forgiveness, paralleling our own need for forgiveness from God.

Teaching Points

Understanding Debts
In the original Greek, the word "debts" (opheil?mata) can refer to both financial obligations and moral failings. This dual meaning underscores the comprehensive nature of forgiveness that Jesus teaches.

Reciprocal Forgiveness
The phrase "as we also have forgiven our debtors" highlights the expectation that believers will extend the same grace to others that they seek from God. This is a call to live out the forgiveness we receive.

Forgiveness as a Reflection of God's Character
Forgiving others is not just a command but a reflection of God's own nature. As we forgive, we mirror the grace and mercy of God to the world.

The Heart of Prayer
This verse is part of the Lord's Prayer, emphasizing that forgiveness is central to our relationship with God and others. It is a daily practice that should be part of our prayer life.

Forgiveness and Community
Forgiveness fosters unity and peace within the Christian community. It is essential for maintaining healthy relationships and a strong witness to the world.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the original Greek word for "debts" enhance our comprehension of what Jesus is teaching in this verse?

2. In what ways can the Parable of the Unforgiving Servant (Matthew 18:21-35) deepen our understanding of Matthew 6:12?

3. How can we practically apply the principle of reciprocal forgiveness in our daily interactions with others?

4. What are some barriers to forgiveness that we might face, and how can Scripture help us overcome them?

5. How does the practice of forgiveness impact our personal relationship with God and our communal relationships within the church?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 18:21-35
The Parable of the Unforgiving Servant illustrates the importance of forgiving others as God forgives us.

Ephesians 4:32
Encourages believers to be kind and compassionate, forgiving each other just as God forgave us in Christ.

Colossians 3:13
Calls for bearing with one another and forgiving grievances, reflecting the forgiveness we receive from the Lord.

Luke 11:4
Another account of the Lord's Prayer, emphasizing the reciprocal nature of forgiveness.

Psalm 103:12
Describes God's forgiveness, removing our transgressions as far as the east is from the west.