Luke 7:49

But those at the table began to say to themselves, "Who is this who even forgives sins?"

Study Bible

The other guests
This phrase refers to those who were present at the meal hosted by Simon the Pharisee. In the cultural context of first-century Judea, meals were significant social events, often involving discussions on religious and philosophical matters. The Greek word used here, "συνανάκειμαι" (synanakeimai), implies reclining together, which was the customary posture during meals. This setting underscores the communal aspect of the event and highlights the diverse reactions of those present to Jesus' actions and words.

began to say
The phrase indicates a murmuring or a whispered conversation among the guests. The Greek verb "λέγω" (legō) suggests a verbal expression of thoughts or opinions. This reaction is typical of the Pharisees and other religious leaders who often questioned Jesus' authority and actions. It reflects a moment of internal conflict and skepticism among the guests, who are grappling with the implications of Jesus' forgiving sins.

among themselves
This phrase suggests a private conversation, indicating that the guests were not openly challenging Jesus but were instead discussing their doubts and questions amongst themselves. This reflects the social dynamics of the time, where public confrontation might be avoided in favor of private discourse. It also highlights the tension and uncertainty that Jesus' actions often provoked among the religious elite.

Who is this
This question reveals the guests' astonishment and confusion regarding Jesus' identity. The Greek word "τίς" (tis) is an interrogative pronoun used to question identity or nature. This reflects a recurring theme in the Gospels, where Jesus' true nature and authority are frequently questioned by those who encounter Him. It underscores the mystery and divine authority of Jesus, which often left onlookers puzzled and challenged.

who even forgives sins?
This phrase is central to the theological significance of the passage. The act of forgiving sins was traditionally understood to be within the purview of God alone, as seen in various Old Testament scriptures. The Greek word "ἀφίημι" (aphiēmi) means to send away or release, indicating a complete removal of sin. This statement by the guests highlights their struggle to comprehend Jesus' divine authority and foreshadows the broader conflict between Jesus and the religious leaders over His claims to divinity and His role as the Messiah.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus
- The central figure in this passage, Jesus is at a Pharisee's house, demonstrating His authority to forgive sins.

2. The Pharisees
- Religious leaders who are skeptical of Jesus' actions and authority, particularly His claim to forgive sins.

3. The Woman
- A sinful woman who anoints Jesus' feet with perfume, demonstrating her repentance and faith.

4. Simon the Pharisee
- The host of the gathering, who questions Jesus' actions and the woman's presence.

5. The House of Simon
- The setting of this event, where Jesus is dining with the Pharisees and others.

Teaching Points

Authority of Jesus
Jesus' ability to forgive sins demonstrates His divine authority. This challenges us to recognize and submit to His lordship in our lives.

Faith and Repentance
The woman's actions show genuine repentance and faith. We are called to approach Jesus with humility and a contrite heart.

Judgment and Mercy
The Pharisees' judgmental attitude contrasts with Jesus' mercy. We should strive to extend grace and forgiveness to others.

Understanding Forgiveness
Forgiveness is a central theme in the Christian faith. We must understand its depth and extend it to ourselves and others.

Questioning and Belief
Like the Pharisees, we may have doubts. It's important to seek understanding and strengthen our faith through Scripture and prayer.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jesus' response to the Pharisees' question in Luke 7:49 challenge our understanding of His authority?

2. In what ways can we demonstrate faith and repentance in our daily lives, similar to the woman in this passage?

3. How can we avoid the judgmental attitude of the Pharisees and instead show mercy and forgiveness to those around us?

4. What other biblical examples of forgiveness can we learn from, and how do they apply to our personal relationships?

5. How can we strengthen our belief in Jesus' authority and deepen our understanding of His teachings through regular Bible study and prayer?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Mark 2:7
- This passage also deals with the question of who has the authority to forgive sins, highlighting the skepticism of the religious leaders.

Matthew 9:3-6
- Jesus' authority to forgive sins is questioned, and He responds by demonstrating His divine power.

John 8:3-11
- The account of the woman caught in adultery, where Jesus shows mercy and forgiveness, challenging the accusers.

Psalm 103:12
- Speaks of God's forgiveness, removing our transgressions as far as the east is from the west.

Ephesians 1:7
- Emphasizes redemption and forgiveness through the blood of Christ.