Luke 20:23

But Jesus saw through their duplicity and said to them,

Study Bible

But Jesus
The phrase "But Jesus" introduces a contrast, often highlighting a pivotal moment in the narrative. In the Greek, "Iēsous" (Ἰησοῦς) is the name for Jesus, which is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This emphasizes Jesus' divine mission and identity as the Savior. The use of "But" indicates a shift in the scene, where Jesus, with divine insight, is about to address a situation with wisdom and authority.

saw through
The Greek word used here is "katanoeō" (κατανοέω), which means to perceive, understand, or discern. This word suggests a deep, penetrating insight that goes beyond mere observation. Jesus' ability to "see through" the situation underscores His omniscience and His ability to understand the hearts and intentions of people. This divine insight is a recurring theme in the Gospels, where Jesus often perceives the true motives of those around Him.

their duplicity
The term "duplicity" refers to deceitfulness or double-dealing. In the Greek, the word "panourgia" (πανουργία) is used, which can be translated as craftiness or cunning. This highlights the malicious intent of the questioners, who were attempting to trap Jesus with their questions. Historically, this reflects the ongoing tension between Jesus and the religious leaders of His time, who often sought to undermine His authority and teachings.

and said to them
The phrase "and said to them" introduces Jesus' response. The Greek word "eipon" (εἶπον) is used for "said," which is a common term for speaking or declaring. This phrase sets the stage for Jesus' authoritative and wise reply. In the context of the Gospels, Jesus' words are often transformative, offering truth and clarity in situations of confusion or deceit. His responses are not only answers to the immediate questions but also profound teachings that reveal deeper spiritual truths.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus
The central figure in this passage, Jesus is teaching in the temple courts and is approached by religious leaders attempting to trap Him with a question about paying taxes to Caesar.

2. Pharisees and Herodians
These groups, often at odds with each other, unite in their opposition to Jesus. They attempt to ensnare Him with a politically charged question.

3. Denarius
A Roman coin used during the time of Jesus, bearing the image of Caesar. It becomes a focal point in Jesus' teaching about civic duty and allegiance.

4. Temple Courts
The setting of this encounter, where Jesus is teaching and where the religious leaders confront Him.

5. Caesar
The Roman emperor, whose image on the denarius symbolizes the political authority of Rome over the Jewish people.

Teaching Points

Discernment in Deception
Jesus demonstrates divine discernment by seeing through the deceitful intentions of the Pharisees and Herodians. As believers, we are called to seek wisdom and discernment through the Holy Spirit to navigate situations where others may have hidden agendas.

Allegiance and Authority
Jesus' response about the denarius teaches us about the balance between our earthly responsibilities and our ultimate allegiance to God. We are to respect and fulfill our civic duties while recognizing that our highest loyalty is to God's kingdom.

Wisdom in Speech
Jesus' answer is a model of wisdom and tact. He avoids the trap set for Him and provides a profound teaching. We should strive to speak with wisdom and grace, especially when faced with challenging questions or situations.

Image and Identity
The denarius bears Caesar's image, but we are made in the image of God. This reminds us of our identity and purpose as God's creation, called to reflect His character in the world.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jesus' ability to perceive the intentions of the Pharisees and Herodians challenge us to seek discernment in our own lives?

2. In what ways can we balance our responsibilities to earthly authorities with our ultimate allegiance to God, as taught in this passage?

3. How can we apply Jesus' example of wisdom in speech when we encounter difficult or potentially divisive questions?

4. Reflect on the concept of being made in the image of God. How does this understanding influence your daily actions and decisions?

5. How do the teachings in Romans 13:1-7 complement Jesus' message in Luke 20:23 about our relationship with governing authorities?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 22:15-22
and Mark 12:13-17
These parallel accounts provide additional context and details about the encounter between Jesus and the religious leaders.

Romans 13:1-7
This passage discusses the Christian's responsibility to submit to governing authorities, echoing Jesus' teaching about rendering to Caesar what is Caesar's.

1 Samuel 16:7
This verse highlights God's ability to see beyond outward appearances and discern the heart, similar to how Jesus perceives the duplicity of His questioners.