Leviticus 22:14

If anyone eats a sacred offering in error, he must add a fifth to its value and give the sacred offering to the priest.

Study Bible

If anyone
This phrase opens the verse with a universal application, indicating that the law applies to all individuals within the community of Israel. The Hebrew word used here, "אִישׁ" (ish), can refer to any person, emphasizing the inclusivity of the law. It underscores the communal responsibility and the personal accountability each member has in maintaining the sanctity of sacred offerings.

eats a sacred offering
The term "sacred offering" refers to portions of sacrifices that were set apart for the priests. In Hebrew, "קֹדֶשׁ" (qodesh) signifies something holy or consecrated. This highlights the importance of respecting what is dedicated to God and His service. The act of eating such an offering without proper authorization is a serious matter, as it violates the sanctity of what is holy.

by mistake
The phrase "by mistake" indicates an unintentional act, which in Hebrew is "בִּשְׁגָגָה" (bishgagah). This reflects the understanding that human error is possible, and the law provides a means of rectification. It shows God's grace in allowing for restitution rather than immediate punishment, recognizing the difference between intentional sin and inadvertent error.

he must make restitution
Restitution involves compensating for the wrong done. The Hebrew word "שִׁלֵּם" (shillem) means to make whole or to repay. This requirement emphasizes justice and the need to restore what was taken, reflecting God's character as just and fair. It also serves to maintain the integrity of the priestly provisions.

to the priest
The priest, or "כֹּהֵן" (kohen) in Hebrew, is the recipient of the restitution. This highlights the role of the priest as a mediator between God and the people, entrusted with the sacred duties of the temple. The restitution to the priest ensures that the resources meant for their sustenance and service are preserved.

for the offering
This phrase specifies that the restitution is directly related to the sacred offering that was consumed. It underscores the importance of the offering itself, which was dedicated to God. The act of restitution acknowledges the value and purpose of the offering in the religious life of Israel.

and add a fifth of its value to it
The addition of a fifth, or "חֹמֶשׁ" (chomesh) in Hebrew, serves as a penalty and a means of atonement. This extra portion acts as a deterrent against negligence and underscores the seriousness of the offense. It also reflects the principle of going beyond mere compensation, ensuring that the sanctity of the offering is upheld and respected.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Priests
The priests were the descendants of Aaron, responsible for performing sacrifices and maintaining the sanctity of the tabernacle and later the temple. They were the recipients of the sacred offerings.

2. Israelites
The people of Israel, who were given the Law through Moses, including the instructions on offerings and sacrifices.

3. Sacred Offering
These were portions of sacrifices dedicated to God, which were to be consumed by the priests and their families under specific conditions.

4. Tabernacle
The portable dwelling place for the divine presence among the Israelites, where offerings and sacrifices were made.

5. Restitution
The act of making amends for a wrong, in this case, the unintentional consumption of a sacred offering.

Teaching Points

Understanding Sacredness
Recognize the importance of respecting what is sacred and set apart for God. This respect extends to how we treat God's Word, His people, and His creation.

The Principle of Restitution
Acknowledge the biblical principle of making amends for wrongs, even when they are unintentional. This teaches us about responsibility and integrity in our relationships with others.

Intentional Living
Be mindful of our actions and their impact on others. Even unintentional actions can have consequences, and we are called to address them appropriately.

Generosity in Restitution
The addition of a fifth to the restitution highlights the importance of going beyond mere compensation, reflecting a heart of generosity and repentance.

Holiness in Daily Life
The call to holiness in Leviticus extends to our everyday actions, encouraging us to live in a way that honors God and respects His commands.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of sacred offerings in Leviticus 22:14 relate to our understanding of what is sacred in our lives today?

2. In what ways can the principle of restitution be applied in modern-day conflicts or misunderstandings?

3. How does the requirement to add a fifth to the restitution reflect God's character and expectations for His people?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to ensure we are living intentionally and avoiding unintentional wrongs?

5. How can the teachings in Leviticus 22:14 inspire us to pursue holiness in our daily lives and interactions with others?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 5:15-16
This passage also discusses the concept of restitution for unintentional sins, emphasizing the need to make amends and add a fifth to the restitution.

Numbers 5:5-8
This passage outlines the general principle of restitution for wrongs committed, highlighting the importance of restoring what was taken plus an additional amount.

Matthew 5:23-24
Jesus teaches about reconciliation and making things right with others before offering gifts at the altar, reflecting the principle of restitution and reconciliation.