Leviticus 21:2

except for his immediate family--his mother, father, son, daughter, or brother,

Study Bible

except for his immediate family
This phrase sets a boundary for the priests, who were called to a higher standard of holiness and separation. The Hebrew word for "except" (בִּלְתִּי, bilti) indicates a restriction or exception, emphasizing the unique role of the priesthood. The term "immediate family" underscores the importance of familial bonds and responsibilities, even for those in sacred service. In the ancient Near Eastern context, family was the primary social unit, and this exception highlights the balance between religious duty and familial obligation.

his mother, father
The inclusion of "mother" (אֵם, em) and "father" (אָב, av) reflects the commandment to honor one's parents, as seen in Exodus 20:12. This respect for parental figures is deeply rooted in the Hebrew tradition and is a fundamental aspect of the covenant community. The priest's duty to his parents is a reminder that spiritual leaders are not exempt from the basic moral and ethical obligations that bind all members of the community.

son, daughter
The mention of "son" (בֵּן, ben) and "daughter" (בַּת, bat) highlights the continuity of family lineage and the importance of nurturing the next generation. In the ancient Israelite society, children were seen as a blessing and a heritage from the Lord (Psalm 127:3). The priest's responsibility to his children underscores the role of the family in preserving the faith and traditions of Israel.

or brother
The inclusion of "brother" (אָח, ach) signifies the broader kinship ties that were vital in the tribal structure of Israel. Brothers often shared in the inheritance and responsibilities of the family, and their relationship was one of mutual support and loyalty. This provision for mourning a brother reflects the deep bonds of brotherhood that were essential for maintaining the unity and strength of the family and, by extension, the community.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Priests
The primary audience of Leviticus 21, the priests were set apart for service in the tabernacle and later the temple. They were held to higher standards of holiness and conduct.

2. Immediate Family
This term refers to the close kin of the priest, specifically mentioned as mother, father, son, daughter, or brother. The Hebrew word for "immediate family" emphasizes the closeness and personal connection.

3. Levitical Law
The context of this verse is within the Levitical laws, which were given to guide the Israelites in holiness and worship.

Teaching Points

Holiness and Separation
Priests were called to a higher standard of holiness, reflecting God's holiness. This principle of being set apart is applicable to all believers today, as we are called to be a "royal priesthood."

Family and Responsibility
The allowance for priests to mourn their immediate family highlights the importance of family responsibilities and relationships. It reminds us of the balance between our spiritual duties and familial obligations.

Purity and Worship
The laws concerning purity were not just about physical cleanliness but were symbolic of spiritual purity. As believers, we are called to maintain purity in our worship and daily lives.

Compassion and Community
While the priests had restrictions, the allowance for mourning immediate family members shows God's compassion and understanding of human emotions and community bonds.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of holiness in Leviticus 21:2 apply to Christians today, especially in the context of being a "royal priesthood"?

2. In what ways can we balance our spiritual responsibilities with our obligations to our family, as seen in the allowance for priests to mourn their immediate family?

3. How do the purity laws in Leviticus relate to the New Testament teachings on spiritual purity and holiness?

4. What can we learn from the Levitical laws about the importance of community and compassion in our faith journey?

5. How does Jesus' ministry, particularly His interactions with the dead, transform our understanding of the laws in Leviticus 21:2?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 19
This chapter discusses the purification process after contact with a dead body, highlighting the importance of ceremonial cleanliness.

Ezekiel 44
This passage also addresses the conduct of priests, emphasizing their role and the need for holiness.

Matthew 8
Jesus' interaction with the dead and His authority over life and death can be seen as a fulfillment and transformation of these Old Testament laws.