Leviticus 13:39

the priest shall examine them, and if the spots are dull white, it is a harmless rash that has broken out on the skin; the person is clean.

Study Bible

the priest shall examine them
In ancient Israel, the role of the priest extended beyond spiritual duties to include health assessments, particularly concerning skin diseases. The Hebrew word for "priest" is "kohen," which signifies a mediator between God and the people. The examination by the priest underscores the integration of spiritual and physical well-being in the community. This reflects the holistic approach of the Mosaic Law, where physical health was seen as intertwined with spiritual purity.

if the spots on the skin are dull white
The Hebrew term for "spots" is "nega," which can mean a plague or mark. The description "dull white" indicates a specific type of skin condition. In the ancient Near East, skin diseases were often feared due to their potential for contagion and ritual impurity. The specificity of the description highlights the detailed nature of the Levitical laws, which aimed to distinguish between various conditions to prevent unnecessary isolation and maintain community health.

it is only a rash that has broken out
The phrase "only a rash" suggests a condition that is not serious or contagious. The Hebrew word for "rash" is "bohak," which is thought to refer to a harmless skin eruption. This distinction is crucial in the context of Leviticus, where the community's purity and health were paramount. By identifying the condition as non-threatening, the law provided a means to alleviate fear and prevent social ostracism.

the person is clean
Declaring someone "clean" (Hebrew: "tahor") restored their full participation in the religious and social life of Israel. This declaration was significant, as being "unclean" (Hebrew: "tamei") affected one's ability to engage in worship and community activities. The pronouncement of cleanliness by the priest was not only a physical assessment but also a spiritual reinstatement, emphasizing God's desire for His people to live in community and worship without barriers.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Priest
In ancient Israel, priests were responsible for religious rituals and maintaining the purity of the community. They acted as mediators between God and the people, and in this context, they were tasked with diagnosing skin conditions.

2. Israelites
The people of Israel, to whom the laws in Leviticus were given. They were expected to follow these laws to maintain holiness and purity as a community.

3. Levitical Law
The set of laws given to the Israelites, primarily through Moses, which includes instructions on ceremonial cleanliness, moral behavior, and religious rituals.

4. Skin Conditions
The specific context of Leviticus 13 deals with various skin conditions and the procedures for determining whether they render a person ceremonially unclean.

5. Tabernacle
The central place of worship for the Israelites during their journey through the wilderness, where the priests performed their duties.

Teaching Points

Understanding Purity and Holiness
The laws in Leviticus highlight the importance of purity and holiness in the community of God's people. While the specific laws may not apply today, the principle of living a life set apart for God remains relevant.

Role of Spiritual Leaders
Just as priests were responsible for guiding the community in matters of purity, spiritual leaders today are called to guide and shepherd their congregations in truth and holiness.

Discernment and Compassion
The examination of skin conditions required discernment and compassion. Similarly, Christians are called to approach others with understanding and love, especially when addressing issues of sin or spiritual impurity.

Symbolism of Cleansing
The declaration of a person as "clean" points to the greater spiritual cleansing available through Christ. Believers are reminded of the cleansing power of Jesus' sacrifice and the call to live in that freedom.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the role of the priest in Leviticus 13:39 inform our understanding of spiritual leadership today?

2. In what ways can the principles of purity and holiness in Leviticus be applied to our daily lives as Christians?

3. How does the process of examining and declaring someone "clean" in Leviticus 13:39 foreshadow the work of Christ in the New Testament?

4. What can we learn from the compassion and discernment required of the priests when dealing with skin conditions, and how can we apply this in our interactions with others?

5. How does understanding the cultural and historical context of Leviticus enhance our appreciation of the New Testament teachings on purity and holiness?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 14
This chapter continues the discussion on skin diseases, providing procedures for cleansing and restoration, emphasizing the importance of purity and community restoration.

Matthew 8:1-4
Jesus heals a man with leprosy, demonstrating His authority over physical and spiritual impurity, and His fulfillment of the law.

1 Peter 2:9
This verse speaks of believers as a royal priesthood, connecting the role of priests in Leviticus to the spiritual responsibilities of Christians today.