Lamentations 4:6
The punishment of the daughter of my people is greater than that of Sodom, which was overthrown in an instant without a hand turned to help her.
The punishment of the daughter of my people
This phrase refers to the severe judgment and suffering experienced by the people of Jerusalem, often symbolically referred to as the "daughter of my people." The Hebrew word for "punishment" here is "עֲוֹן" (avon), which can also mean iniquity or guilt. This indicates that the suffering is a direct consequence of the people's sins. The term "daughter" is a poetic expression used throughout the Old Testament to personify cities or nations, emphasizing a familial relationship between God and His people. This highlights the deep sorrow and disappointment God feels over the judgment that has befallen His chosen people.

is greater than that of Sodom
Sodom is a historical reference to the ancient city destroyed by God due to its wickedness, as recounted in Genesis 19. The comparison here is stark and shocking, as Sodom's destruction is one of the most severe judgments recorded in the Bible. The Hebrew word for "greater" is "גָּדוֹל" (gadol), which implies not just a quantitative measure but also a qualitative one. The suffering of Jerusalem is portrayed as more intense and prolonged than the swift destruction of Sodom, underscoring the gravity of Jerusalem's sins and the severity of its punishment.

which was overthrown in an instant
The phrase "overthrown in an instant" refers to the sudden and complete destruction of Sodom. The Hebrew word "הָפַךְ" (haphak) means to overturn or overthrow, indicating a total and irreversible change. The immediacy of Sodom's destruction contrasts with the prolonged suffering of Jerusalem, emphasizing the relentless nature of the latter's punishment. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of persistent sin and rebellion against God.

without a hand turned to help her
This phrase highlights the utter helplessness and abandonment experienced by Sodom. The Hebrew word "יָד" (yad) means hand, symbolizing power or assistance. The absence of any intervention or aid for Sodom underscores the completeness of its judgment. In the context of Lamentations, this serves as a warning to Jerusalem and its inhabitants about the dangers of forsaking God and relying on human strength or alliances. It is a call to repentance and a return to reliance on God's mercy and grace.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Daughter of My People
This phrase refers to the people of Jerusalem or Judah, personified as a daughter. It highlights the intimate relationship between God and His people, as well as their current state of suffering and punishment.

2. Sodom
An ancient city known for its wickedness and subsequent destruction by God. It serves as a benchmark for divine judgment and is often referenced in the Bible as a symbol of ultimate moral and spiritual decay.

3. Jeremiah
Traditionally considered the author of Lamentations, Jeremiah was a prophet who warned Judah of impending judgment due to their disobedience and idolatry.

4. Babylonian Siege
The historical context of Lamentations is the Babylonian siege and destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C., which led to immense suffering and exile for the people of Judah.

5. Divine Judgment
The overarching theme of Lamentations 4:6 is the severe judgment of God upon His people, which is portrayed as even more severe than the swift destruction of Sodom.
Teaching Points
The Severity of Sin and Judgment
The comparison to Sodom underscores the gravity of Judah's sin and the severity of their punishment. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God.

The Responsibility of Knowledge
With greater knowledge of God comes greater responsibility. Judah's punishment was severe because they had the Law and the prophets, yet chose to rebel.

Hope in Repentance
While the judgment is severe, the book of Lamentations as a whole points to the possibility of restoration through repentance and turning back to God.

God's Justice and Mercy
God's justice is evident in His judgment, but His mercy is also present, as He does not completely destroy His people but leaves room for future redemption.

Reflecting on Our Own Lives
This passage encourages self-examination regarding our own faithfulness to God and the potential consequences of our actions.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the comparison to Sodom in Lamentations 4:6 deepen our understanding of the severity of Jerusalem's sin and punishment?

2. In what ways does the historical context of the Babylonian siege help us understand the emotional and spiritual state of the people described in Lamentations?

3. How can the principle of greater knowledge leading to greater responsibility be applied to our lives today, especially in light of the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament?

4. What lessons can we learn about God's character from His actions towards Jerusalem and Sodom, and how should this influence our relationship with Him?

5. How can we find hope and encouragement in the midst of personal or communal suffering, as exemplified in the book of Lamentations?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 19
The destruction of Sodom is detailed here, providing context for the comparison made in Lamentations 4:6. The swift and total destruction of Sodom is contrasted with the prolonged suffering of Jerusalem.

Ezekiel 16
This chapter also compares Jerusalem to Sodom, emphasizing the greater sinfulness of Jerusalem due to their knowledge of God and His laws.

Matthew 11:23-24
Jesus references Sodom when speaking of the unrepentant cities of His time, highlighting the principle that greater revelation brings greater responsibility and potential judgment.
The Sin of SodomD. Young Lamentations 4:6
Dimming of the GoldJ. Parker, D. D.Lamentations 4:1-12
Gold Become DimJ. W. Earnshaw.Lamentations 4:1-12
Spiritual DeclensionJ. B. Owen, M. A.Lamentations 4:1-12
The Lustre of Humanity DimmedW. Tucker.Lamentations 4:1-12
The Spoiling of HumanityG. W. Conder.Lamentations 4:1-12
Excellence of the Christian CharacterJ. Jeffrey.Lamentations 4:2-12
Grievous PunishmentJ. Udall.Lamentations 4:2-12
Men Lightly EsteemedJ. Udall.Lamentations 4:2-12
The Character, Excellence, and Estimate of the PiousSketches of Four Hundred SermonsLamentations 4:2-12
The Delicate are DesolateJ. Udall.Lamentations 4:2-12
The Heavenly and the Earthly Estimates of Good MenHomilistLamentations 4:2-12
The Incredible Things of LifeJ. Parker, D. D.Lamentations 4:2-12
People
Jeremiah, Nazarites
Places
Edom, Jerusalem, Sodom, Uz, Zion
Topics
Chastisement, Daughter, Falling, Fell, Greater, Hands, Iniquity, Laid, Moment, Overthrown, Overturned, Punishment, Reward, Sin, Sodom, Stayed, Suddenly, Violently
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Lamentations 4:6

     4275   Sodom and Gomorrah
     5156   hand

Library
A Message from God for Thee
Our two messages we will try to deliver in their order; we shall then want your attention and patience for a minute while we answer the question--Why the difference? and then we will press upon each character the force of the message, that each may be led to believe what is addressed to him. I. Our FIRST MESSAGE IS ONE OF COMFORT. "The punishment of thine iniquity is accomplished, O daughter of Zion; he will no more carry thee away into captivity." 1. We find, at the outset, a joyous fact. Read it
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 8: 1863

1875-1877. Mrs. Way's Sewing --Class for Jewesses --Bible Flower Mission --George Clarice --Incidents in Home Work --The Lord's Day --Diary at Sea -- Letters of Cheer
Mrs. Way's sewing--class for Jewesses--Bible Flower Mission--George Clarice--Incidents in home work--The Lord's Day--Diary at sea-- Letters of cheer from Canada. The Home of Industry has been already likened to the Pool of Bethesda with its fine porches. Many sights there have been peculiar to itself, and in no instance has this in past years been more remarkable, than in the meeting for Jewesses, which has been carried on ever since the year 1870. From fifty to seventy daughters of Israel are gathered
Clara M. S. Lowe—God's Answers

The Children of the Poor.
THE CHILDREN OF THE POOR. The young children ask bread, and no man breaketh it unto them.--LAMENTATIONS iv., 4. The writer of these words bewailed a state of War and Captivity--a state of things in which the great relations of human life are broken up and desecrated. But it is strange to find that the most flourishing forms of civilization involve conditions very similar to this. For, if any man will push beyond the circle of his daily associations, and enter the regions of the abject poor, he will
E. H. Chapin—Humanity in the City

It Will be Attempted to Give a Complete List of his Writings In
chronological order; those included in this volume will be marked with an asterisk and enumerated in this place without remark. The figures prefixed indicate the probable date. (1) 318: *Two books contra Gentes,' viz. c. Gent. and De Incarn. (2) 321-2: *Depositio Arii (on its authorship, see Introd.) (3) 328-373: *Festal Letters. (4) 328-335? *Ecthesis or Expositio Fidei. (5) Id.? *In Illud Omnia, etc. (6) 339: *Encyclica ad Episcopos ecclesiæ catholicæ. (7) 343: *Sardican Letters (46,
Athanasius—Select Works and Letters or Athanasius

Sermons of St. Bernard on the Passing of Malachy
Sermon I (November 2, 1148.)[1005] 1. A certain abundant blessing, dearly beloved, has been sent by the counsel of heaven to you this day; and if it were not faithfully divided, you would suffer loss, and I, to whom of a surety this office seems to have been committed, would incur danger. I fear therefore your loss, I fear my own damnation,[1006] if perchance it be said, The young children ask bread, and no man offereth it unto them.[1007] For I know how necessary for you is the consolation which
H. J. Lawlor—St. Bernard of Clairvaux's Life of St. Malachy of Armagh

The Great Shepherd
He shall feed his flock like a shepherd; He shall gather the lambs with His arm, and carry them in His bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young. I t is not easy for those, whose habits of life are insensibly formed by the customs of modern times, to conceive any adequate idea of the pastoral life, as obtained in the eastern countries, before that simplicity of manners, which characterized the early ages, was corrupted, by the artificial and false refinements of luxury. Wealth, in those
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

The Holy Spirit and the Incarnation of the Word. ...
The Holy Spirit and the Incarnation of the Word. We have seen how Justin declared that it was not permissible to regard "the Spirit" and "the Power" that came upon the Virgin as any other than the Word of God Himself. And we also noted in passing that Theophilus of Antioch spoke of the Word as being "Spirit of God" and "Power of the Highest," the second of which designations comes from Luke i. 35. We have now to ask whether the language of Irenæus corresponds with this interpretation and makes
Irenæus—The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching

That the Ruler Relax not his Care for the Things that are Within in his Occupation among the Things that are Without, nor Neglect to Provide
The ruler should not relax his care for the things that are within in his occupation among the things that are without, nor neglect to provide for the things that are without in his solicitude for the things that are within; lest either, given up to the things that are without, he fall away from his inmost concerns, or, occupied only with the things that are within bestow not on his neighbours outside himself what he owes them. For it is often the case that some, as if forgetting that they have
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

What Messiah did the Jews Expect?
1. The most important point here is to keep in mind the organic unity of the Old Testament. Its predictions are not isolated, but features of one grand prophetic picture; its ritual and institutions parts of one great system; its history, not loosely connected events, but an organic development tending towards a definite end. Viewed in its innermost substance, the history of the Old Testament is not different from its typical institutions, nor yet these two from its predictions. The idea, underlying
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

The Upbringing of Jewish Children
The tenderness of the bond which united Jewish parents to their children appears even in the multiplicity and pictorialness of the expressions by which the various stages of child-life are designated in the Hebrew. Besides such general words as "ben" and "bath"--"son" and "daughter"--we find no fewer than nine different terms, each depicting a fresh stage of life. The first of these simply designates the babe as the newly--"born"--the "jeled," or, in the feminine, "jaldah"--as in Exodus 2:3, 6, 8.
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Lamentations
The book familiarly known as the Lamentations consists of four elegies[1] (i., ii., iii., iv.) and a prayer (v.). The general theme of the elegies is the sorrow and desolation created by the destruction of Jerusalem[2] in 586 B.C.: the last poem (v.) is a prayer for deliverance from the long continued distress. The elegies are all alphabetic, and like most alphabetic poems (cf. Ps. cxix.) are marked by little continuity of thought. The first poem is a lament over Jerusalem, bereft, by the siege,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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